机器人应用与个体就业——基于人口普查数据的研究

Robot applications and individual employment:based on national census data

使用城市层面机器人数据和微观个体层面就业数据,考察机器人应用对就业的影响。研究发现,机器人应用能够显著促进就业,该结论在解决内生性问题、考虑机器人不同衡量方法以及更换就业指标后依然稳健。作用机制检验结果表明,机器人应用通过提高城市层面职业被替代率(替代效应)对就业水平产生抑制作用,但通过提高城市层面人均工业产值、企业数量和利润水平(生产率效应)促进就业水平的提升。异质性分析发现,机器人应用对就业的正向影响在较高受教育水平、年龄相对较小以及男性群体中更为显著。

This paper uses city-level robotics data and micro-individual-level employment data to analyze the impact of robotics applications on employment.It finds that robot applications significantly boost employment.The finding remains robust after controlling for endogeneity,considering different measures of robotics,and replacing employment indicators.The results of the mechanism of action test indicate that robot application has a dampening effect on the level of employment through the substitution effect of increasing the rate of occupational substitution at the city level,but promotes the level of employment through the productivity effect of increasing industrial output per capita,increasing the number of firms,and boosting the level of profits at the city level.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect of robot adoption on employment is more pronounced in the higher education level,the relatively younger age group,and the male group.