HBV母婴传播的分子病毒学机制

Molecular virological mechanism of the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus

慢性HBV感染是全球公共卫生领域的重大威胁。在HBV中高流行地区,母婴传播仍然是慢性HBV感染的主要来源。随着新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗和乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白联合免疫的应用,HBV母婴传播率显著降低,但HBeAg阳性且高病毒载量母亲所生婴儿发生HBV母婴传播的风险仍然较高。尽管HBV高病毒载量孕妇在妊娠晚期接受抗病毒治疗可进一步降低HBV母婴传播的风险,但仍无法完全阻断母婴传播。深入了解HBV母婴传播的分子病毒学机制可为阻断HBV母婴传播提供明确思路,对HBV母婴传播的预防和管理具有重要意义。

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major global public health threat.In areas with moderate to high prevalence of HBV,mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)remains the main source of chronic HBV infection.With the application of combined immunization of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin in neonates,there has been a significant reduction in the incidence rate of HBV MTCT,but there is still a high risk of HBV MTCT in infants born to mothers with positive HBeAg and high viral loads.Although antiviral therapy for pregnant women with high HBV viral loads in late pregnancy can further reduce the risk of HBV MTCT,it is still difficult to completely block HBV MTCT.A deep understanding of the molecular virological mechanisms of HBV MTCT can provide clear ideas for blocking HBV MTCT,which is of great significance for the prevention and management of HBV MTCT.