上海市3~6岁学龄前儿童视屏暴露状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of screen exposure status and influencing factors among preschool children aged 3-6 years in Shanghai

目的:调查并分析上海市闵行区3~6岁学龄前儿童视屏暴露状况及影响因素。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样抽取上海市闵行区21所幼儿园3~6岁儿童,于2023年4至5月对家长进行在线调查,采用Logistic回归分析学龄前儿童视屏暴露的影响因素。结果:2147名学龄前儿童平均视屏暴露时间为(2.52±1.96)h/d,其中345人(16.07%)为高暴露,1457人(67.86%)为中等暴露,345人(16.07%)为低暴露。工作日和周末视屏暴露时间分别为(2.40±2.02)和(2.82±2.12)h/d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。母亲文化程度为高中及以下(OR=1.759,95%CI为1.131~2.735)、父亲文化程度为高中及以下(OR=2.649,95%CI为1.721~4.080)或大专(OR=1.811,95%CI为1.290~2.542)、家庭月收入<10000元(OR=2.321,95%CI为1.595~3.380)、晚上睡觉前使用视屏产品(OR=1.824,95%CI为1.467~2.268)、家长在儿童面前使用视屏产品(OR=1.550,95%CI为1.147~2.094)、家长支持使用视屏产品(OR=1.294,95%CI为1.066~1.570)的学龄前儿童视屏暴露的风险较高;而3岁(OR=0.658,95%CI为0.473~0.915)、独生子女(OR=0.717,95%CI为0.595~0.864)、家长陪伴使用视屏产品(OR=0.631,95%CI为0.512~0.776)及家长限制使用视屏产品(OR=0.515,95%CI为0.332~0.800)的学龄前儿童视屏暴露的风险较低。结论:上海市3~6岁儿童的视屏暴露处于较高水平,以父母的行为和认知改变为重点的干预策略可改善儿童的视屏暴露程度。

Aim:To investigate the screen exposure status and influencing factors among preschool children aged 3-6 years in Minhang District,Shanghai.Methods:A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to sample the children aged 3-6 years from 21 kindergartens in Minhang District,Shanghai.From April to May 2023,their parents completed an online questionnaire.Logistic regression models were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of children screen exposure.Results:The study included 2147 children.The average daily screen exposure time was(2.52±1.96)hours.A total of 345(16.07%)subjects had high screen exposure,1457(67.86%)subjects had medium screen exposure,and 345(16.07%)subjects had low screen exposure.The average daily exposure time on weekdays and weekends were(2.40±2.02)and(2.82±2.12)hours,respectively,and there was significant difference(P<0.001).Children whose mothers education level was high school or below(OR=1.759,95%CI 1.131-2.735),children whose father′s education level was high school or below(OR=2.649,95%CI 1.721-4.080),or junior college(OR=1.811,95%CI 1.290-2.542),children whose monthly family income was less than 10000 RMB(OR=2.321,95%CI 1.595-3.380),children who used video products before bedtime(OR=1.824,95%CI 1.467-2.268),children whose parents used video products in front of them(OR=1.550,95%CI 1.147-2.094),and children whose parents supported the use of video products(OR=1.294,95%CI 1.066-1.570)demonstrated higher risk of video exposure.Whereas,3-year-old children(OR=0.658,95%CI 0.473-0.915),the only child(OR=0.717,95%CI 0.595-0.864),children used video products accompanied by parents(OR=0.631,95%CI 0.512-0.776)and children whose parents restricted the use of video products(OR=0.515,95%CI 0.332-0.800)had lower risk of video exposure.Conclusion:The screen exposure of children aged 3-6 years in Shanghai is at a relatively high level.Intervention strategies that focus on behavioral and cognitive changes of parents could improve degrees of screen exposure for children.