“智障”小考

A Research of“Zhizhang(智障)”

公元5世紀出現於佛學領域中的“智障”與民國時期出現在醫學概念中的“智障”,雖有不同來源,卻在漢語中形成一個集合,在詞義與語素義兩個層面都存在相關性,成爲同形多義詞。兩個詞義從歷史角度看,出現的先後順序存在顛覆由客觀到主觀的常規引申的逆序性;從共時角度看,存在一種在多義詞義項關係中的特殊現象——假性引申,值得關注。此外,時代和社會的變化,影響了大衆對表達“智力低下”概念用詞的選擇,“智障”一詞在20世紀80年代的重新啟用,反映了社會文明的進步。但目前學界關於“智障”一類詞語的産生、傳播途徑的闡述仍較爲模糊,本文試圖進行清晰闡釋。

Although the“Zhizhang(智障)”appeared in the field of Buddhism in the 5th century and the Zhizhang appeared in the medical concept in the Republic of China,they have different sources,but they form a collection in Chinese.The correlation exists at both the semantic and morpheme levels,and become homomorphic polysemous words.From a historical perspective,the sequence of the two meanings has reversed the extension from objective to subjective conventions.From the synchronic point of view,there exists a special phenomenon in polysemous term relation——false extension,which deserves our attention.In addition,changes in The Times and society have influenced the choice of words to express the concept of“low intelligence”,and the re-use of the word Zhizhang in the 1980s reflects the progress of social civilization.However,at present,the academic circles on the emergence of Zhizhang and the way of transmission are still vague,this paper tries to make a clear explanation.