由戰國楚簡看《説文解字》形義分合的類型

The Type Research on the Separation and Combination of Character Forms and Semantic in Shuowe Jiezi in the View of Chu(楚)Bamboo Slips in the Warring States Period

文章討論了戰國楚簡及古文字中“梪/■/樹、穜/種、御/馭”三組形義關係。由戰國楚簡等出土文獻知,“尌=■=樹”,許慎分“尌”爲動詞、“樹(■)”爲名詞;“穜、種”在出土文獻中爲異體,可同表“種子、種植”義,許慎分“穜”表種植、“種”表種子;“御/馭”在商周時是不同的兩個字,有“使馬”義的是“馭”而非“御”,至戰國二字因聲符相同而相混,致“御”有“使馬”義,許慎以“馭”爲“御”之古文而合二爲一。以上三組例子形成形義分合的三種類型:“尌、樹”屬一字分化型;“穜、種”屬異體分化型;“御、馭”屬音近混同型。文章有助於漢語字詞關係的探索。

This essay discusses the relationship between characters forms and semantic about three groups characters Shu(梪)/Shu(■)/Shu(樹),Zhong(穜)/zhong(種),Yu(御)/Yu(馭)in Chu(楚)Bamboo Slips in the Warring States Period and ancient Chinese character.There are three types:Shu(梪)/Shu(■)/Shu(樹)is the type that one is divided into two;Zhong(穜)/zhong(種)is the type that the variant form characters are divided;Yu(御)/Yu(馭)is the type of Merging two into one.