11个玉米杂交种萌发期耐盐性综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation on Salt Tolerance of 11 Maize Hybrids at Germination Stages

【目的】筛选耐盐能力较强的优良玉米杂交品种,为盐碱地玉米高产高效栽培、耐盐品种选育和应用提供理论依据。【方法】以生产上推广面积较大的11个玉米品种(纯玉958、菏玉127、浚单20、宁研519、天泰366、万盛68、德利农988、陕科6号、黑马603、金来8号和郑单1002)为材料,设置4个NaCl浓度处理(0 mmol/L、100 mmol/L、150 mmol/L、200 mmol/L)进行发芽试验,测定各玉米品种的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、芽鲜重及根鲜重等指标,通过模糊隶属函数综合评价筛选耐盐能力较强的品种。【结果】随盐浓度升高,各玉米品种的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、芽鲜重降低,发芽率盐害指数升高。基于耐盐性综合评价D值对玉米材料进行耐盐性聚类分析,11个玉米杂交种的萌发期耐盐性划分为高耐盐、耐盐、中度耐盐、盐敏感、高度盐敏感5类。耐盐性综合评价值(D)≥0.70的品种有郑单1002、德利农988、陕科6号和黑马603,属高耐盐品种;0.50≤D<0.70的品种有菏玉127和纯玉958,属耐盐品种;0.30≤D<0.50的品种有万盛68、宁研519、天泰366,属中度耐盐品种;0.15≤D<0.30的品种有金来8号,属盐敏感品种;D<0.15的品种有浚单20,属高度盐敏感品种。【结论】玉米品种郑单1002、德利农988、陕科6号和黑马603属高耐盐品种,菏玉127和纯玉958属耐盐品种,万盛68、宁研519、天泰366属中度耐盐品种,金来8号属盐敏感品种,浚单20属高度盐敏感品种。玉米发芽率易受种子活性及外部环境因素影响,与耐盐性结果关联性不强,不宜作为耐盐性评价指标;根长在盐胁迫下变化极大,宜作为玉米耐盐性评价的主要指标。

【Objective】The excellent maize hybrid varieties with better salt tolerance were screened to provide the theoretical basis for the high-yield and efficient cultivation of maize in saline-alkali land and breeding and applying salttolerant varieties.【Method】The germination experiments of 11 maize varieties(Chunyu 958,Heyu 127,Xundan 20,Ningyan 519,Tiantai 366,Wansheng 68,Delinong 988,Shanke No.6,Heima 603,Jinlai No.8 and Zhengdan 1002)under the treatments of 4 NaCl concentrations(0 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L)were carried out.The germination potential,germination rate,bud length,root length,bud fresh weight and root fresh weight of each maize variety was determined,and then the varieties with better salt tolerance were evaluated and selected by fuzzy membership function comprehensive evaluation.【Result】As the salt concentration increased,the germination potential,germination rate,bud length,root length and bud fresh weight of each maize variety decreased,and salt damage index of germination rate increased.The cluster analysis of maize salt tolerance was carried out based on the D value of salt tolerance comprehensive evaluation,the results showed the salt tolerance of 11 maize hybrids at germination stages were classified into 5 categories:high salt tolerance,salt tolerance,moderate salt tolerance,salt sensitivity and high salt sensitivity.The varieties with the comprehensive evaluation value of salt tolerance(D)≥0.70 included Zhengdan 1002,Delinong 988,Shanke No.6 and Heima 603,which belonged to high salt-tolerant varieties.The varieties with 0.50≤D<0.70 included Heyu 127 and Chunyu 958,which belonged to salt-tolerant varieties.The varieties with 0.30≤D<0.50 included Wansheng 68,Ningyan 519 and Tiantai 366,which belonged to moderate salt-tolerant varieties.The variety with 0.15≤D<0.30 included Jinlai No.8,which belonged to salt-sensitive variety.The variety with D<0.15 included Xundan 20,which belonged to high salt-sensitive variety.【Conclusion】Zhengdan 1002,Delinong 988,Shanke No.6 and Heima 603 belong to high salt-tolerant varieties.Heyu 127 and Chunyu 958 belong to salt-tolerant varieties.Wansheng 68,Ningyan 519 and Tiantai 366 belong to moderate salt-tolerant varieties.Jinlai No.8 belongs to salt-sensitive variety.Xundan 20 belongs to high salt-sensitive variety.The maize germination rate is easily affected by seed activity and external environment factors,and is not strongly correlated with salt tolerance,which is not suitable used as the index for evaluating salt tolerance.The root length varies greatly under the salt stress,which can be used as the main index for evaluating salt tolerance of maize.