多年施用有机肥对植烟土壤酸化的缓解作用

Alleviating Effect of Multi-year Organic Fertilizer Application on Acidification of Tobacco-growing Soil

【目的】探明多年有机肥还田对植烟土壤酸化的影响,为植烟土壤的酸度调控提供科学依据。【方法】以我国北方典型的植烟棕壤为研究对象,采用连续8年田间定位试验设置CK,不施肥;T_(1),单施化肥(N、P2O5、K2O分别为82.20 kg/hm^(2)、83.25 kg/hm^(2)、249.75 kg/hm^(2));T_(2),在化肥基础上配施有机肥(N、P2O5、K2O分别为82.20 kg/hm^(2)、83.25 kg/hm^(2)、249.75 kg/hm^(2),有机肥15.00 t/hm^(2));T_(3),单施有机肥(有机肥22.50 t/hm^(2))共4个处理,通过测定土壤的活性有机碳、pH、土壤交换性酸和土壤交换性盐基含量,分析其对土壤酸化的影响。【结果】与CK相比,单施化肥处理显著降低土壤pH;施有机肥处理增加土壤pH,其中,单施有机肥处理T_(3)效果最显著;施有机肥处理可显著降低交换性酸含量,其中,主要降低土壤交换性铝含量,对交换性氢含量的影响不显著,T_(3)降低效果最显著;施有机肥处理可显著增加交换性盐基总量,但分别对土壤交换性钾钠钙镁影响不显著;随着施肥和耕作年限的增加,施肥处理土壤的总有机碳和活性有机碳含量较CK均有所增加,其中,土壤活性有机碳含量显著增加,以无机肥配施有机肥处理T2效果最优,较CK显著增加143.14%。【结论】植烟土壤经多年有机肥还田后,土壤质量显著提升,有效防治土壤酸化。在实际生产中,合理配施有机肥,既能防治土壤酸化,又能全面提升土壤质量。

【Objective】The effects of multi-year organic fertilizer returning to the field on acidification of tobacco planting soil were explored,which provided the scientific basis for the acidity regulation of tobacco-planting soil.【Method】Taking typical tobacco-planting brown soil in Northern China as research object,four treatments were set up,including CK(non-fertilization),T_(1)(single chemical fertilizer:82.20 kg/hm^(2)N,83.25 kg/hm^(2)P2O5,249.75 kg/hm^(2)K2O),T_(2)(chemical fertilizer:82.20 kg/hm^(2)N,83.25 kg/hm^(2)P_(2)O_(5),249.75 kg/hm^(2)K2O combined with 15.00 t/hm^(2)organic fertilizer)and T_(3)(22.50 t/hm^(2)organic fertilizer).The active organic carbon,pH,soil exchangeable acid and soil exchangeable base content of soil were determined by the field positioning experiment for 8 consecutive years,and the effects on soil acidification were analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK,single chemical fertilizer significantly reduced soil pH,while organic fertilizer increased soil pH,and T_(3) had the most significant effect.The organic fertilization significantly reduced the exchangeable acid content,among which soil exchangeable aluminum decreased mainly and the effect on exchangeable hydrogen content was not significant,and T_(3) had the most significant reduction effect.The organic fertilization significantly increased the total amount of exchangeable base,but had no significant effect on exchangeable potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium.As the increase of fertilization and cultivation years,the fertilization treatment significantly increased the total organic carbon and the active organic carbon in soil compared with CK,and the soil active organic carbon content increased significantly,among which T_(2) had the better effect,increasing by 143.14%compared with CK.【Conclusion】After multiyear of organic fertilizer returning to the tobacco-planting soil,soil quality improved significantly,and it is effective to prevent the soil acidification.In actual production,rational combined organic fertilizers can not only prevent soil acidification,but also improve the soil quality.