不同苹果品种(系)挥发性物质成分研究

Study on Volatile Substances Components in Different Apple Cultivars(lines)

【目的】测定不同苹果品种(系)果实的挥发性物质成分及其含量,明确其挥发性物质组分特征,以期为培育香气浓郁的苹果优良亲本提供依据。【方法】利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),测定20个品种(系)苹果果实的挥发性物质含量,明确其挥发性物质组分特征,并对其挥发性物质相对含量差异进行对比分析。【结果】秦蜜、华硕和蜜脆等20个品种(系)果实检测出30种挥发性物质,依次为酯类(12种)>其他(8种)>醛类=烃类(3种)>酮类=醇类(2种),以酯类为苹果香气的基本组成成分。其中,北19-147的挥发性物质最多,为30种;其次是蜜脆,为29种;2-14和92最少,均为22种。20个品种(系)聚为3类,聚类1主要包括秦蜜、蜜脆、美味、北19-147和烟富8号;聚类2主要包括22-40、北50-15、8-31、南23-19、71-31和华硕;聚类3包括其余9个品种(系)。丁酸乙酯是蜜脆和北19-147特有的挥发性物质,相对含量分别为123.67μg/kg和215.62μg/kg;4-烯丙基苯甲醚是美味、蜜脆和北19-147特有的挥发性物质,相对含量分别为310.12μg/kg、56.22μg/kg和45.60μg/kg。【结论】不同苹果品种(系)果实的特征香气存在明显差异,蜜脆、北19-147和美味可作为选育果实香气浓郁品种的优良亲本。

【Objective】The volatile substances components and contents in different apple cultivars(lines)were determined,and the volatile substances characteristics were explored,which provided the basis for cultivating excellent parents of apples with abundant aroma.【Method】The volatile substances contents in 20 cultivars(lines)of apple fruits were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the volatile substances characteristics were clarified,and the relative contents of volatile substances were compared and analyzed.【Result】A total of 30 volatile substances were identified from 20 apple cultivars(lines),following by esters(12)>others(8)>aldehydes=hydrocarbons(3)>ketones=alcohols(2),and the esters were the basic aroma components of apple.Among them,North 19-147 had the most volatile substances with 30 kinds,followed by Honeycrisp with 29 kinds,and 2-14 and 92 were the least,both with 22 kinds.20 cultivars(lines)were clustered into 3 categories.Cluster 1 mainly included Qinmi,Honeycrisp,Ambrosia,North 19-147 and Yanfu 8.Cluster 2 mainly included 22-40,North 50-15,8-31,South 23-19,71-31 and Huashuo.Cluster 3 included the remaining 9 cultivars(lines).Ethyl butyrate was the characteristic volatile substance of Honeycrisp and North 19-147,and the relative contents were 123.67μg/kg and 215.62μg/kg,respectively.4-allylanisole was the characteristic volatile substance in Ambrosia,Honeycrisp and North 19-147 with relative contents of 310.12μg/kg,56.22μg/kg and 45.60μg/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】There are obvious differences in the characteristic aroma of different apple cultivars(lines).Honeycrisp,North 19-147 and Ambrosia apple can be used as excellent parents for breeding apple varieties with abundant aroma.