不同粒径分布泥炭基质的性能及其栽培草莓效果

Performance of Peat Substrate with Different Particle Size Distributions and Their Cultivation Effects on Strawberry

【目的】探明不同粒径分布泥炭基质的理化性质及栽培作物生长的影响,为现代农业可持续发展奠定基础。【方法】以金丹隆草莓为试材,通过泥炭基质栽培试验,分析不同粒径分布(D_(5~10 mm)、D_(3~5 mm)、D_(2~3 mm)、D_(1~2 mm)和D≤1 mm)泥炭基质的理化性质变化及栽培草莓的效果,筛选出不同颗粒配比组合下目标植物生长的最优粒径分布组成配方。【结果】泥炭基质颗粒粒径体积比D_(5~10 mm)∶D_(3~5 mm)∶D_(2~3 mm)∶D_(1~2 mm)∶D≤1 mm为10∶20∶30∶20∶20时的大小孔隙比(通气孔隙度∶持水孔隙度)接近1∶2,气水较协调,有利于植物健康生长;泥炭基质颗粒粒径体积比D_(5~10 mm)∶D_(3~5 mm)∶D_(2~3 mm)∶D_(1~2 mm)∶D≤1 mm分别为10∶20∶30∶10∶30和10∶20∶30∶30∶10时的大小孔隙比约为1∶5,透气性较差、持水量高,易导致水分滞留、根系难以正常呼吸。施肥处理对不同粒径分布泥炭基质栽培草莓效果有一定积极作用,且对地上部鲜重、地上部干重的促进作用极显著。施肥处理对除草莓地下部生物量(地下部鲜重、地下部干重)外的其他生长指标均有极显著影响(P<0.01);不同粒径分布泥炭基质对草莓茎粗、地上鲜重、地下部鲜重均有极显著影响(P<0.01);二者交互作用对草莓的株高、地上部鲜重有极显著影响(P<0.01),对地下部鲜重有显著影响(P<0.05)。无论施肥与否,综合因子得分的顺序为T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(4)。【结论】当泥炭基质颗粒粒径体积比D_(5~10 mm)∶D_(3~5mm)∶D_(2~3 mm)∶D_(1~2 mm)∶D≤1 mm为10∶20∶30∶10∶30时较适宜栽培草莓。施肥可一定程度上克服不同粒径分布泥炭基质对草莓栽培不适因素。

【Objective】The physiochemical properties of peat substrate with different particle size distributions and their effects on the growth of cultivated crop were studied,which laid the foundation for the sustainable development of modern agriculture.【Method】Taking the strawberry‘Jindanlong’as test material,the cultivation experiment of peat substrate was conducted to analyze the physiochemical properties of peat substrate with different particle size distributions(D_(5–10 mm),D_(3–5 mm),D_(2–3 mm),D_(1–2 mm)and D≤1 mm)and their cultivation effects on strawberry,so that the composition formulation of optimal particle size distribution for the growth of targeted plant under different combinations of different particle size distributions was screened.【Result】When the volume ratio of the particle size of peat substrate was D_(5–10 mm)∶D_(3–5 mm)∶D_(2–3 mm)∶D_(1–2 mm)∶D≤1 mm=10∶20∶30∶20∶20,the void ratio(aeration porosity∶water-holding porosity)was close to 1∶2.The air and water were harmonious,which was conducive to the healthy growth of plants.When the volume ratio of the particle size of peat substrate was D_(5–10 mm)∶D_(3–5 mm)∶D_(2–3 mm)∶D_(1–2 mm)∶D≤1 mm=10∶20∶30∶10∶30 or 10∶20∶30∶30∶10,the void ratio was about 1∶5.The air permeability was poor and the water holding capacity was high,which led to water retention and difficulty in normal respiration of the root system.Fertilization had a certain positive effect on strawberry cultivated in peat substrate with different particle size distributions,and had significant promotion effect on the fresh weight and the dry weight of above-ground part.Except for the biomass of underground part(fresh weight and dry weight of underground part),fertilization had extremely significant effect(P<0.01)on other growth indicators.The peat substrate with different particle size distributions had extremely significant effect(P<0.01)on the stem diameter of strawberry,the fresh weight of above-ground part and underground part.The interaction of fertilization and peat substrate with different particle size distributions had extremely significant effect(P<0.01)on the plant height of strawberry,the fresh weight of above-ground part and significant effect(P<0.05)on the fresh weight of underground part.The score of comprehensive factors was T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(4)with fertilization or not.【Conclusion】When the volume ratio of the particle size of peat substrate is D_(5–10 mm)∶D_(3–5 mm)∶D_(2–3 mm)∶D_(1–2 mm)∶D≤1 mm=10∶20∶30∶10∶30,it is suitable for cultivating strawberry.Fertilization can reduce the improper factors for strawberry cultivated in peat substrate with different particle size distributions.