哈密市戈壁表层土壤理化性质及质量现状

Physicochemical characteristics and quality assessment of Gobi soils,Hami City,China

戈壁土壤质量对其表层植被覆盖及生态恢复具有重要意义。本研究采集了哈密市戈壁区域的56个典型土壤样本,分别从土壤含水量、土壤容重、p H、总盐、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾等8个指标分析土壤质地、盐分和养分特性,并构建土壤质量指数(Soil Quality Indicator,SQI)开展土壤质量综合评价。结果表明,哈密市戈壁区域的土壤质量普遍较低,戈壁表层砾石覆盖度高,土壤含水量低,盐碱化严重,土壤养分条件差。空间差异上,伊吾县和巴里坤哈萨克自治县土壤质量平均水平略高于伊州区,尤其戈壁边缘与其他地类过渡区域的土壤质量较高。总体而言,哈密市戈壁全区域及各分区土壤质量均处于较低水平(SQI介于0.4~0.5),呈现出从北到南下降的趋势。研究强调了加强环境保护和可持续发展措施的必要性,以应对人类活动增加对生态环境的影响。

Soil quality is essential for vegetation cover and ecological recovery in Gobi zones.In this study,we analyzed 56 typical soil samples from the Hami Gobi to evaluate soil texture,salinity,and nutrient characteristics using eight indices,including soil moisture content,soil bulk density,pH,total salt content,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium.Based on these indices,we constructed a soil quality index(SQI)for a comprehensive soil quality assessment.The results revealed that soil quality in the Hami Gobi region was generally low,characterized by high gravel cover,low moisture content,severe salinization,and nutrient deficiency.The average soil quality in the Yiwu and Barkol regions was slightly higher than in the Yizhou zone,with better soil quality observed in areas where Gobi transitions into other land types.Overall,the SQI ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 across the Hami Gobi region and its subregions,showing a decreasing trend from north to south.This study highlights the urgent need for enhanced environmental protection and sustainable development strategies to copy with the impact of increasing human activities on the ecosystem.