政府、市场与矿业开发:民国时期广东富国煤矿兴衰探析(1929—1945年)

Government,market and mining development:The rise and fall of Fuguo Mine in Guangdong during the Republican period(1929—1945)

广东富国煤矿最初作为抵御洋煤与挽回利权而创办的商人独资民营煤矿公司,经过两次募股增资改组为现代化股份制矿业公司。20世纪30年代,随着粤港沪军政界要员、工商界名流入股以及政府优惠政策的支持,富国煤矿一跃成为广东煤业巨擘;抗战爆发后,时局动荡、市场萎缩导致富国煤矿由盛转衰。探析民国时期富国煤矿兴衰演变的规律和多维影响因素不仅可从侧面反映战前与战时广东经济的时代变迁,也有助于我们理解政府、市场与矿业开发的互动关系。

Guangdong Fuguo Mine was originally founded as a merchant owned private coal mine com-pany to resist foreign coal and recover the right to profit,and was reorganized into a modern joint-stock mining company after two stock offering and capital increase.In the 1930s,with the support of Guang-dong,Hong Kong and Shanghai military and political leaders,industrial and commercial celebrities and preferential policies,Fuguo Mine became a giant in Guangdong’s coal industry.However,after the out-break of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,due to the turmoil of the current situation and the contraction of the market,the Fuguo mine turned from prosperity to decline.The analysis of the law and multi-dimensional influencing factors of the rise and fall of Fuguo Mine during the Republican period not only reflects the economic changes of Guangdong before and during the war,but also helps to understand the interaction between government,market and mining development.