重心下移:基于《乡村教师支持计划》的公费师范生政策转向研究

A Shift of Center of Gravity:A Study on the Policy Turn of Public Normal School Students Based on the Rural Teacher Support Plan

重心上移的公费师范生培养政策实施面临以下现实困境:违约现象导致人力资本的投资与收益失调;缺乏竞争的培养机制导致培养质量下滑;远离乡土文化的课程体系无法培植扎根乡村的乡土教师。基于乡村教师队伍建设需要动员全社会的教师教育资源、乡村教育的可持续发展需要资本投入与资本收益的平衡以及本土化公费师范生培养政策具有先天优势等三个方面的考虑,重心下移的公费师范生政策转向有其必要性。政策的设计应从以下几个方面考虑:动员全社会教师教育资源,建构“正三角”培养体系;发挥国家财政在各级各类师范教育体系中的作用;实行招生制度改革,优选生源,按需培养;改革培养模式,创新培养内容。

The implementation of the policy of cultivating government-sponsored normal students with a shift in focus faces the following practical difficulties:the phenomenon of default leads to a mismatch between investment and returns on human capital;lack of competitive training mechanisms leads to a decline in training quality;a curriculum system that is far away from local culture cannot cultivate local teachers who are rooted in rural areas.Considering the need to mobilize teacher education resources from the whole society for the construction of rural teacher teams,the balance between capital investment and capital returns for the sustainable development of rural education,and the inherent advantages of localized public funded teacher training policies,it is necessary to shift the focus of public funded teacher training policies.The design of policies should consider the following aspects:mobilizing teacher education resources from the whole society and constructing a “positive triangle” training system;giving full play to the role of national finance in various levels and types of teacher education systems;implementing enrollment system reform,selecting students based on their needs,and cultivating them according to their needs;reforming the training mode and innovate the training content.