会聚视角下人工智能芯片领域关键核心技术发展态势与突破路径研究

Research on the Development Trend and Breakthrough Path of Key Core Technologies in the Field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)Chips from the Perspective of Convergence

中国为人工智能(AI)芯片领域研发的后发国家,仍然面临着核心技术受制于人的困境,因此需要探究中国AI芯片领域关键核心技术的突破路径。从技术会聚的角度出发,基于全球AI芯片领域发明专利,利用熵值法识别出关键核心技术,以网络分析方法对比发现,日本、美国、韩国和中国四国在关键核心技术会聚方面存在明显的异质性。中国在AI领域的发明专利申请数量自2007年起快速增加,但其关键核心专利拥有量仅排全球第8位,存在“重数量、轻质量”的问题;四国在下一代信息网络产业、数字文化创意活动、数字创意技术设备制造、电子核心产业等方面具备明显的优势,在其他产业领域也有部分布局;四国在AI芯片领域研发有不同突破路径,其中日本采取“多产业用途少量多品种需求驱动+跨技术部类融合+产业链上下游企业深度协同合作”的路径,美国通过“产业多领域共同发展+跨技术部改变类融合+产学研深度融合”的方式,韩国采取“部分优势产业牵引+技术内部类别融合+领军企业带动产业链”的模式,而中国的突破路径为“多领域蜻蜓点水式并行发展+技术内部类别松散融合+少数企业自主攻关”。建议中国在关键核心技术基础共性部分借鉴美国的突破路径,在已有优势产业方面借鉴韩国经验,构建以科技领军企业为主的创新生态系统。

China,as a latecomer in the field of artificial intelligence(AI)chip development,still faces the challenge of being constrained by foreign core technologies.Therefore,it is necessary to explore pathways for breakthroughs in key core technologies in China's AI chip sector.From the perspective of technological convergence,which involves the integration of diverse technological forces and the creation of synergistic effects,identifying the development trends of key core technologies in AI chips and their breakthrough pathways is of great value.In the highly competitive and rapidly evolving landscape of modern technology,the field of AI chips has emerged as a crucial area driving innovation across multiple industries.This research collects an extensive database of invention patents related to AI chips from various countries and regions,and employs the entropy method to identify key core technologies.A comparison using network analysis reveals significant heterogeneity in the convergence of key core technologies among Japan,the United States,the Republic of Korea,and China.Since 2007,China has seen a rapid increase in the number of AI-related patent applications,but it ranks only 8th globally in terms of key core patents,indicating a"focus on quantity over quality"issue.The four countries—have clear advantages in industries such as next-generation information networks,digital cultural and creative activities,digital technology equipment manufacturing,and the electronic core industry,while also having some presence in other sectors.In the AI chip field,the four countries have different breakthrough paths:Japan follows a"multi-industry application and small-batch multi-variety demand-driven approach+crosstechnology integration+deep collaboration across the industry chain"strategy,the U.S.adopts a"multi-industry co-development+cross-technology category integration+deep collaboration between industry,academia,and research"approach,the Republic of Korea follows the model of"advantageous industries driving progress+internal technology integration+leading enterprises driving the industry chain",and China's approach is"parallel development across multiple fields with a scattered focus+loose integration within technology categories+independent efforts by a few companies."It is recommended that China adopt the U.S.approach for breakthroughs in the foundational and common aspects of key core technologies,draw on the Republic of Korea's experience in its existing advantageous industries,and build an innovation ecosystem led by key technology enterprises.