科技企业孵化器创业生态系统评价体系的构建——基于北京、上海和深圳的实证分析

Construction of an Evaluation System for the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Technology Business Incubators:An Empirical Analysis Based on Beijing,Shanghai,and Shenzhen

孵化器是培育和扶植高新技术中小企业的服务机构,其不断发展构建形成的生态系统情况直接影响创新创业水平。以创业生态系统理论为基础,探究科技企业孵化器创业生态系统内涵,提出科技企业孵化器创业生态系统由创业生态主导种群、创业生态基层种群、地区创业生态发展环境3个部分组成,并以此构建孵化器生态系统评价指标体系。运用熵值法,对2014—2021年北京、上海、深圳的孵化器水平进行实证分析,结果表明:3个城市孵化器生态系统水平逐年提升,北京市孵化器创业生态系统水平最高,其次为上海市,深圳市最低;3个城市孵化器生态系统差异主要集中在创业企业、风投机构、中介服务、企业环境。最后,提出持久发力推动孵化器发展、加强孵化器重点领域建设、做强弱项提升孵化器示范效应、构建高效协同创新孵化生态等改进措施。

Incubator is a service organization to cultivate and foster high-tech smes.The development of incubators directly affects the level of innovation and entrepreneurship.Based on the theory of entrepreneurial ecosystem,this paper explores the connotation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of technology business incubators,proposes that the entrepreneurial ecosystem of technology business incubators consists of three parts:the dominant population of entrepreneurial ecology,the grassroots population of entrepreneurial ecology,and the development environment of regional entrepreneurial ecology,and constructs an incubator ecosystem evaluation index system based on this.Using the entropy method,an empirical analysis of the incubator levels in Beijing,Shanghai,and Shenzhen from 2014 to 2021 is conducted.The results show that the level of incubator ecosystems in the three cities has increased year by year,Beijing has the highest level of incubator entrepreneurial ecosystem,followed by Shanghai,and Shenzhen has the lowest;the differences in the incubator ecosystems of the three cities are mainly concentrated in entrepreneurial enterprises,venture capital institutions,intermediary services,and enterprise environment.Finally,improvement measures are proposed,such as making sustained efforts to promote the development of incubators,strengthening the construction of key areas of incubators,strengthening weaknesses to enhance the demonstration effect of incubators,and building an efficient collaborative innovation incubation ecosystem.