论“双碳”背景下我国绿色港口的法制建设

On the Legal Construction of China’s Green Ports under the Background of“Double Carbon”Goals

从社会系统论视角看,绿色港口的建设需要平衡与港口相关的诸多系统,实现港口经济效益与环境保护的协调。在我国,处于转型关键期的绿色港口在推动清洁能源应用等方面已经取得了一定进展,这离不开一个多层次、宽领域的综合性绿色港口法律规范体系的支撑。但当前我国绿色港口建设仍面临船舶岸电经济激励的法制供给不足,港口船舶污染物监管的法律制度不完善,绿色港口建设的评价制度有待更新等诸多方面的法制挑战。未来需要通过推广船舶岸电补贴制度、重视税费激励制度、探索绿色金融投融资制度来完善绿色港口岸电经济激励的法律制度;通过优化船舶水污染物联合监管机制、明确船舶压载水排控的监管部门,不断强化港口船舶水污染物法律监管制度;通过优化绿色港口评价指标及可行性分级规则等健全指标评价制度体系,寻求绿色港口建设的实施路径与新发展。

From the perspective of social systems theory,the construction of green ports requires balancing the various systems related to ports to achieve a harmonious integration of economic benefits and environmental protection.In China,green ports in a critical transition period have made progress in promoting clean energy applications,supported by a comprehensive,multi-level,and broad-ranging legal framework.However,the construction of green ports in China still faces legal challenges,such as insufficient legal provisions for economic incentives for shore power for ships,incomplete legal systems for regulating port and ship pollutants,and outdated evaluation systems for green port construction.Future efforts should focus on improving the legal system for economic incentives for shore power in green ports by promoting subsidy systems,emphasizing tax incentives,and exploring green financial investment and financing mechanisms.The legal supervision system for ship-source water pollutants in ports should be strengthened by optimizing joint supervision mechanisms and clarifying regulatory authorities for ballast water discharge control.The green port evaluation index system should be perfected by optimizing evaluation indicators and feasibility grading rules,so as to seek new paths of implementation and development for green port construction.