欧阳修与濮议之争新论

A New Analysis of Ouyang Xiu and the Dispute over the Posthumous Title of Pu An Yi Raja

追奉宋英宗生父濮安懿王使用何典,执政派与台谏派展开了激烈论辩。台谏派依据纲纪礼法、皇权合法性等原则,主张英宗称其生父濮安懿王为皇伯;而以欧阳修为代表的执政派则以人情论为理论基础,对经典的理解不依傍汉唐经传而自我发明,解释《仪礼》中“为人后者为其父母报”,主张称皇考。濮议之争表面以执政派胜利而终结,但欧阳修因被误认为执政派的首议者,遭到公议的排斥,其政治生命与自然生命提前终结,成为濮议最大的受害者。欧阳修以及执政派对濮议之争走向的不确定性未有充分预估,在论辩中丧失了先机。欧阳修以及执政派之所以坚持主张称亲,是因为他们认为称皇考或亲既有理论依据和历史经验,且符合其同情英宗的心理,欲借此帮助英宗建立心理安全。欧阳修遭到台谏派最激烈的攻击,既因为他是执政派的代言人,又与其高度的学术自信和偏执的性格有关。

The debate over the appropriate posthumous title for Emperor Yingzong of Song’s biological father,Pu An Yi Raja,led to a fierce controversy between the ruling faction and the remonstrators.The remonstrators,based on the principles of Legitimacy of Imperial Power,suggest Yingzong to call Pu An Yi Raja as“Huangbo(皇伯)”.The ruling faction represented by Ouyang Xiu,based on his argument on human sentiment,diverged from the traditional Han and Tang interpretations of the classics and developed his own understanding.He interpreted the Yili and suggested that“when someone should be adopted as an heir by another family,they observed mourning rites one level lower when their biological parents passed away”,thus advocating for Yingzong to honor his biological father as“Huangkao(皇考)”.On the surface,the dispute appeared to have ended with a victory for the ruling faction,but Ouyang Xiu was mistakenly regarded as the primary advocate for the ruling faction in the debate,leading to his rejection by public opinions.Consequently,his political and natural life ended prematurely,making him the greatest victim of the dispute over the posthumous title.Ouyang Xiu and the ruling faction failed to anticipate the uncertainty in the direction of the debate,leading to a loss of initiative.Ouyang Xiu and the ruling faction argued that addressing Pu An Yi Raja as“Huangkao(皇考)”or“Qin(亲)”had theoretical and historical precedents,and it aligned with their empathy for Emperor Yingzong,and they wanted to use it to help Yingzong establish psychological security.Ouyang Xiu,as the spokesperson for the ruling faction,due to his high academic confidence and stubborn personality,faced fierce attacks from the remonstrators.