冲突与调适:明初庙堂政治与孟学关系考论

Conflict and Adjustment:Research on the Relationship between Imperial Politics and Mencius Study in the Early Ming Dynasty

明初庙堂政治与孟学发生激烈的冲突,太祖、成祖两代君主为解决与孟学在理念上的矛盾采取了各种手段。明太祖时期发生“罢黜孟子配享”和“编修《孟子节文》”两大事件,明成祖时期又低调地废止《孟子节文》并颁行《四书大全》作为科举的标准教材,最终完成庙堂政治与孟学的调适。通过考察梳理几大事件的始末,会发现朱元璋、朱棣父子的基本立场与“王圣”精神是一致的,但是集权的策略又有所差异,产生的影响自然也不尽相同。最终孟学与科举的进一步紧密结合,深刻影响着明代士人的精神世界,并酝酿了明中期的学术变革。

In the early Ming Dynasty,there was a fierce conflict between the imperial politics and Mencius Study.In order to solve the contradiction,the emperors of Taizu and Chengzu adopted various means.During the reign of Ming Taizu,two major events occurred:“Deposed Mencius from treatment of sacrifice”and“edited Mengzi Jiewen”.In the period of the Ming Chengzu,Mengzi Jiewen was quietly abolished and the Sishu Daquan was issued as the standard textbooks for the imperial examination,finally completed the adjustment of imperial politics and Mencius Study.By reviewing the beginning and end of several major events,we can find that the basic position of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di as autocratic emperors is consistent with the spirit of“Wangsheng”,but the centralization strategy is different,and the influence is different,too.The close combination of Mencius Study and the imperial examination profoundly influenced the spiritual world of the scholars in the Ming Dynasty and incubated new academic reforms.