提供卓越的教育:美国高中教育发展经验

Building an Excellent Education System for All:Experiences in the Development of U.S.Senior High School Education

高中教育对提高国民素质和培养创新人才具有重要意义。近年来,美国政府颁布的三份战略性文件明确了美国高中教育的发展方向。其中,《美国联邦教育部战略规划(2018—2022财年)》聚焦“帮助学生成功并加强美国全球竞争力”,《美国联邦教育部战略规划(2022—2026财年)》着眼于“为所有人提供卓越的教育体系”,《制定成功路线:美国STEM教育战略》立足于“让所有美国人终身享有高质量的STEM教育”。为使高中教育发展战略落地,美国出台了系列保障政策和行动计划。其中为提升高中教育质量而采取的行动举措主要包括建立融合标准、开发整合课程、形成教育合力,推动高中阶段普职融通;发展多类高中学校、构建多元课程体系,促进高中教育多样化发展;创办STEM高中学校、培养STEM教育师资、整合STEM教育资源,保障高中STEM教育发展。在具体的创新案例中,马里兰州STEM教育和托马斯高中科技创新人才培养的实践做法是典型代表。整体而言,美国在高中教育发展方面积累的丰富经验对我国高中教育改革有一定的参考价值。

Senior high school education is of great significance to improving national qualities and cultivating innovative talents.In recent years,the United States has issued three strategic documents,which clarifies the directions of senior high school education.The U.S.Department of Education Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2018-22,focuses on“helping students succeed and strengthening U.S.global competitiveness”.The U.S.Department of Education Fiscal Years 2022-2026 Strategic Plan,focuses on“building an excellent education system for all”.Charting a Course for Success:A Strategy for U.S.STEM Education,focuses on“making high-quality STEM education available to all Americans throughout their lives”.In order to implement the strategy for the development of senior high school education,the United States has introduced a series of support policies and action plans.The main actions taken to improve the quality of senior high school education are as follows.Facilitate the integration of general and vocational education in senior high school through establishing integrated standards,developing integrated curricula and forming educational synergy.Promote the diversified development of senior high school education through developing multiple types of senior high schools,and constructing a pluralistic curriculum system.Safeguard STEM education in senior high school through founding different types of STEM-focused schools,cultivating teachers for STEM education,and integrating STEM education resources.Among the(school)innovation cases,the practice of STEM education in Maryland and the cultivation of innovative talents in Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology are typical representatives.To sum up,the United States has accumulated rich experience in the development of senior high school education,which provides a useful reference for the reform of senior high school education in China.