河南省地级市人居环境评估研究

Research on Human Settlements Assessment of Prefecture-Level Cities in Henan Province

我国正面临城市规模日渐扩大、环境破坏与交通拥堵等现代化问题。为应对各种问题带来的挑战,视野必须面向人居环境。采用层次分析法计算河南省各地级市宜居度指数,并分析评价2018-2022年18个地级市的人居环境,结果表明:①2018-2022年河南省各地级市宜居指数差距较大,郑州市、济源市、洛阳市排名居于前三位,周口市、驻马店市、商丘市排名居于后三位。同时,三门峡市与焦作市排名有上升趋势;②宜居度指数呈现非均衡性,具有较强的西北-东南方向特征,具体表现为以郑州市、洛阳市、济源市为主的优质人居环境,和以周口市、驻马店市、商丘市、信阳市为主的欠发达人居环境;③2018-2022年,河南省地级市人居环境呈波动上升趋势。郑州市以省会优势,在经济指标上排名靠前,但面临城市快速发展带来的环境挑战。济源市依托资源优势走出工业差异化道路,但在医疗和自然环境方面仍需努力;而周口、商丘等城市在人均收入和产业转型上面临挑战,导致人口外流严重。整体而言,河南省需要为年轻人提供更多就业,降低居住成本,减缓人口流失和促进经济均衡发展。

China is facing the problems of modernization,such as the increasing size of its cities,environmental damage and traffic congestion.To cope with the challenges posed by various problems,the vision must be oriented towards the human habitat.This study uses hierarchical analysis to calculate the livability index of prefecturelevel cities in Henan Province,and analyzes and evaluates 18 prefecture-level cities from 2018-2022,revealing that:①there is a significant disparity in the livability index among the cities,with Zhengzhou,Jiyuan,and Luoyang consistently ranking in the top three,while Zhoukou,Zhumadian,and Shangqiu were among the bottom three,and moreover,Sanmenxia and Jiaozuo exhibited an upward trend in rankings;②the livability index displays pronounced non-uniformity,characterized by a strong northwest-southeast directional pattern,delineating a dichotomy between the developed human settlements centered around Zhengzhou,Luoyang,and Jiyuan,and the underdeveloped regions typified by Zhoukou,Zhumadian,Shangqiu,and Xinyang;③between 2018 and 2022,the livability scores across Henan's prefecture-level cities exhibited a fluctuating upward trend.Zhengzhou,leveraging its status as the provincial capital,excelled in economic indicators but faced environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization.Jiyuan,capitalizing on its resource advantages,embarked on an industrial diversification path but still requires improvement in healthcare and natural environment sectors.Conversely,cities like Zhoukou and Shangqiu struggled with challenges in per capita income and industrial transformation,leading to significant pop-ulation outflow.Overall,Henan Province must focus on creating more employment opportunities for the youth,re-ducing living costs,mitigating population loss,and promoting balanced economic development.