不同改良物料对内蒙河套平原盐碱土壤改良效果研究

Effect of Different Modified Materials on Improvement of Saline-alkali Soil in Hetao Plain,Inner Mongolia

为探究不同改良物料对盐碱土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响,在内蒙古土默特右旗中度盐碱地上开展了脱硫石膏、新型改良剂和有机肥对盐碱土壤改良和玉米生长的影响研究。结果表明:(1)施用改良物料降低了0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤pH和全盐含量,其中,T4处理对土壤pH降低效果最好,不同土层土壤p H较对照分别显著下降了8.38%和6.65%;T6处理对0~20 cm土层盐分抑制效果最好,较对照显著下降了44.84%,T4处理对20~40 cm土层盐分抑制效果最好,较对照显著下降了44.84%。(2)施用改良物料增加了0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤速效磷、速效钾和碱解氮含量,平均增幅分别为15.8%~65.48%、3.06%~19.07%和3.45%~20.24%。(3)施用改良物料增加了不同生育时期玉米株高、茎粗,提高了玉米产量和产量构成,T7处理较其他改良处理对玉米生长和产量提升效果较好,玉米株高、茎粗、百粒重、产量较对照分别显著提高了26.21%、20.64%、21.56%、55.21%。综上,施用改良物料可以改善盐碱土壤质量,提升土壤养分,促进玉米生长和提高玉米产量。

To investigate the effects of different modified materials on the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil and maize yield,the effects of desulfurized gypsum,new modifier and organic fertilizer on saline-alkali soil improvement and maize growth were studied on moderate saline-alkali soil in Tumote Right Banner,Inner Mongolia.The results showed that:(1)the application of the modified materials reduced the soil pH and the total salt content in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers.Among them,T4 treatment had the best effect on soil pH reduction,and soil pH in different soil layers decreased significantly by 8.38%and 6.65%,respectively,compared with the control.T6 treatment had the best effect on salt inhibition in 0-20 cm soil layer,which was significantly decreased by 44.84%compared with the control.And T4 treatment had the best effect on salt inhibition in the 20-40 cm soil layer,with significant decreases of 44.84%compared with the control.(2)The application of modified materials increased the content of available phosphorus,available potassium and available nitrogen in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers,with an average increase of 15.8%-65.48%,3.06%-19.07%and 3.45%-20.24%,respectively.(3)The application of modified materials increased maize height and stem diameter at different growth stages,and increased maize yield and yield components.T7 treatment had better effect on maize growth and yield enhancement than other modified treatments,with maize plant height,stem diameter,100-kernel weight,and yield significantly increased by 26.21%,20.64%,21.56%and 55.21%,respectively,compared with the control.In summary,the application of modified materials could improve the quality of saline-alkali soil,improve soil nutrients,promote maize growth and increase maize yield.