胎儿宫内发育迟缓的孕前高危因素分析

Analysis of Preconception Risk Factors for Fetal Intrauterine Growth Delay

目的:分析胎儿宫内发育迟缓的孕前高危因素。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月—2023年12月肇庆市广宁县人民医院收治的493例产妇的临床资料,追踪其妊娠结局,根据新生儿是否发生宫内发育迟缓进行分组,将发生胎儿宫内发育迟缓的产妇纳入观察组(n=43),未发生胎儿宫内发育迟缓的产妇纳入对照组(n=450)。比较两组产妇一般资料[年龄、身高、文化程度、收入水平、孕前身体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟情况、酗酒情况]、孕次、产次、贫血、合并糖尿病、流产史等指标。采用多因素Logistic回归分析胎儿宫内发育迟缓的孕前独立危险因素。结果:两组产妇身高、文化程度、月收入、吸烟情况、酗酒情况、孕次、产次、合并糖尿病情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组年龄<25岁、孕前BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2)、有流产史、贫血占比均高于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄<25岁、孕前BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2)、合并贫血、有流产史是影响胎儿宫内发育迟缓的孕前高危因素(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇年龄小、孕前BMI低、贫血、流产史均是影响胎儿宫内发育迟缓的孕前高危因素,对存在相关高危因素的孕妇进行监护,有助于预防胎儿宫内发育迟缓。

Objective:To analyze the high risk factors of intrauterine growth retardation.Methods:Clinical data of four hundred and ninety-three parturients treated in Zhaoqing Guangning County People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,their pregnancy outcomes were tracked,and the newborns were grouped according to whether they had intrauterine growth delay.Women with intrauterine growth retardation were included in the observation group(n=43),and women without intrauterine growth retardation were included in the control group(n=450).General information[age,height,educational level,income level,pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),smoking,alcohol abuse],pregnancy times,delivery times,anemia,diabetes mellitus,abortion history and other indicators were compared between the two groups Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent preconception risk factors of intrauterine growth retardation.Results:There was no significant difference in maternal height,educational level,monthly income,smoking,drinking,pregnancy times,childbirth times and diabetes mellitus between the two groups(P>0.05);the proportion of age<25 years old,pre-pregnancy BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2),history of abortion and anemia in observation group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05);Logistic regression analysis showed that age<25 years old,pre-pregnancy BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2),anemia,and history of abortion were prepregnancy risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Young age of pregnant women,low BMI before pregnancy,anemia and history of abortion are all high risk factors affecting intrauterine growth retardation.Monitoring pregnant women with related high risk factors is helpful to prevent intrauterine growth retardation.