2019—2023年深圳某医院流行性感冒流行特征分析

Characterization of Influenza Epidemic in a Hospital in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2023

目的:分析2019—2023年中国香港大学深圳医院流行性感冒的流行特征。方法:选取2019—2023年中国香港大学深圳医院向中国疾病预防控制中心疾病监测信息系统上报的流行性感冒报告数据,通过人群分布、地区分布和时间分布方式描述其流行特征。结果:2019—2023年共上报流行性感冒24933例,其中男18397例(占比52.6%),女16536例(占比47.4%);0~<18岁未成年人报告病例数多,达21330例,占比61.06%;18~<60岁人群报告12575例,占比36.00%;≥60岁老年人群报告1028例,占比2.94%;主要患病人群分别为学生9890例(占比28.31%),商业服务人员5989例(占比17.14%),幼托儿童5839例(占比16.71%),散居儿童5765例(占比16.50%),家务及待业人员3042例(占比8.70%);流行性感冒患者地区分布中,深圳地区占比92.45%,其他地区占比7.55%;2020年、2021年流行性感冒发病率呈下降趋势,2022年、2023年呈上升趋势,5年年平均增长率27.06%;流行性感冒患者夏季占比最高(37.11%),秋季占比最低(15.72%)。结论:深圳2023年流感疫情较前几年大幅度升高,并持续至2024年,发病呈季节性,儿童、青少年高发,老年人群感染率较低。学生、幼托儿童及商业服务人员为主要感染群体。福田、南山两区病例集中,需关注传染病动态,做好防控,以应对流感全年流行挑战。

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in The University of Hong Kong China Shenzhen Hospital from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Influenza report data reported to the Disease Surveillance Information System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)by The University of Hong Kong China Shenzhen Hospital from 2019 to 2023 were selected to describe the epidemic characteristics by means of population distribution,regional distribution and time distribution.Results:A total of twenty-nine thousand nine hundred and thirty-three cases of influenza were reported in 2019 to 2023,of which eighteen thousand three hundred and ninety-seven cases(52.6%)were males and sixteen thousand five hundred and thirty-six cases(47.4%)were females;minors aged 0 to<18 years old reported a large number of cases,amounting to twentythree thousand three hundred and thirty cases,which accounted for 61.06%;the population aged 18 to<60 years old reported twelve thousand five hundred and seventy-five cases,which accounted for 36.00%;elderly people≥60 years of age reported one thousand and twenty-eight cases,accounting for 2.94%;the main groups of patients were students nine thousand and eight hundred and ninety cases(28.31%),business service workers five thousand and nine hundred and eighty-nine cases(17.14%),kindergarten and childcare children five thousand and eight hundred and thirty-nine cases(16.71%),diasporic children five thousand and seven hundred and sixty-five cases(16.50%),and homeworkers and stay-at-home workers three thousand and forty-two cases(8.70%);in the regional distribution of patients with influenza,the Shenzhen region accounted for 92.45%,and other regions accounted for 7.55%;the incidence rate of influenza in 2020 and 2021 showed a decreasing trend,and 2022 and 2023 showed an increasing trend,with a 5-year average annual growth rate of 27.06%;the proportion of patients with influenza was highest in summer(37.11%)and lowest in fall(15.72%).Conclusion:The influenza epidemic in Shenzhen in 2023 was substantially elevated compared with the previous years and lasted until 2024,with seasonal onset,high prevalence in children and adolescents,and lower infection rates in the elderly population.Students,kindergarten and nursery children,and business service workers are the main infected groups.The concentration of cases in Futian and Nanshan districts requires attention to the dynamics of infectious diseases and proper prevention and control to meet the challenge of influenza epidemics throughout the year.