基于生态保护重要性评价的安徽省准河流域生态网络构建和优化

Construction and optimization of ecological network in Huaihe River basin of Anhui province based on evaluation of ecological protection importance

随着人类活动和城市化进程的不断加剧,河流流域的生态用地正面临严重的破坏。合理构建河流流域生态网络,不仅能够为保护生物多样性提供科学依据,还能促进流域内的可持续发展与管理。该研究以自然保护地为主体,结合生态系统服务重要性及生态环境敏感性的多维方法识别安徽省淮河中游流域生态源地,利用电路理论模型构建流域内生态网络。该研究识别了安徽省淮河流中游流生态源地和生态节点的空间分布,结果表明:研究区共有50处生态源地,源地总面积为1.07×10^(4)km^(2),其中自然保护地面积占比45.05%;生态廊道125条,总长度为3851.08km;踏脚石区9处,总面积为43.45km^(2);生态关键点140处,总面积为153.18km^(2),集中在准河干流两侧;生态断点353处,总面积为14444.07km^(2),多位于生态与建设用地的交界处。该研究通过构建自然保护地体系下流域生态网络,以期减缓生物多样性丧失和生态系统退化趋势,为流域生态保护与区域生态安全提供了科学决策依据。

With the increasing human activities and urbanization,the ecological land in the river basin is suffering serious damage,and the reasonable construction of river basin ecological network can provide scientific basis for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development and management of the basin.We took nature reserves as the main body,combined the multi-dimensional approach of ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity to identify the ecological source sites in the middle reaches of the Huai River basin in Anhui province,and constructed an ecological network within the basin using circuit theory models.The study identified the spatial distribution of ecological source sites and ecological nodes in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River in Anhui province,and the results showed that there are 50 ecological source sites in the study area,with a total sourcearea of 1.07×10^(4)km^(2),of which the area of nature reserves accounts for 45.05%;125 ecological corridors,with a total length of 3,851.08 km;9 stepping-stone areas,with a total area of 43.45 km^(2);and 140 ecological key points,with a total area of 153.18 km^(2)respectively,concentrated on both sides of the Huaihe River main stream;ecological breakpoints 353,with a total area of 14444.07 km^(2),mostly located at the junction of ecological and construction land.This study provides a scientific decision-making basis for watershed ecological protection and regional ecological security by constructing a watershed ecological network under the system of nature reserves with a view to slowing down the trend of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation.