“双碳”目标下加快推进我国绿色制造体系构建——基于市场化体系构建的角度

Accelerating the construction of China’s green manufacturing system under the goals of“emission peak and carbon neutrality”:From the perspective of constructing a market-oriented system

随着技术和发展观念的进步,制造业加快向高端化、智能化、绿色化方向转型。发达国家以推动先进制造、绿色制造和能源转型等方式构建成熟市场交易体系,打造绿色、循环、低碳的制造业竞争新优势。我国围绕推进绿色制造示范、清洁生产、资源循环利用等方面推进制造业绿色化转型,已经基本构建了示范型绿色制造体系,制造业减碳效果明显,碳市场建设体系已迈出重要一步。我国绿色制造市场化体系构建面临四大困境:一是对绿色制造带来的市场价值认知存在偏差,认为绿色制造是一项“中看不中用”的赔钱买卖,重存量改造、轻增量发展;二是绿色制造的市场化激励机制有待完善,尤其是绿色技术交易市场、碳排放权交易、节能交易、用能权交易等市场化手段推进绿色制造的机制不完善;三是绿色产品生产和消费成本偏高,消费端拉动作用不足;四是参与绿色国际标准修订程度不高、引领绿色制造国际趋势的领军企业偏少。为增强我国绿色制造的市场激励,应当构建科学合理的绿色制造支持政策体系,实施门槛化、达标即入政策,完善绿色制造全产业链政策体系;完善绿色制造的市场化交易机制和绿色制造价值标准及评价制度体系,加快推进全国碳交易市场和各地碳交易市场一体化建设;同步推进绿色制造供给端和消费端降本增效;推进我国绿色制造标准的国际对接,深化绿色制造国际交流合作。

With advancements in technology and development concepts,the manufacturing industry is accelerating its transformation towards high-end,intelligent,and green directions.Developed countries are constructing mature market trading systems by promoting advanced manufacturing,green manufacturing,and energy transformation,thereby creating new competitive advantages in green,circular,and low-carbon manufacturing.In China,efforts to promote the green transformation of the manufacturing industry through green manufacturing demonstrations,clean production,and resource recycling have led to the establishment of a basic model for green manufacturing.The reduction of carbon emissions in the manufacturing sector has shown significant results,and important steps have been taken in building a carbon market system.However,the construction of a market-oriented green manufacturing system in China faces four major challenges:First,there is a deviation in the recognition of the market value brought by green manufacturing,with many viewing it as a“futile expense”that is visually appealing but economically unviable,focusing more on retrofitting existing operations rather than new developments.Second,the market-oriented incentive mechanisms for green manufacturing need improvement,especially regarding the mechanisms for promoting green technology trading markets,carbon emission rights trading,energy-saving trading,and energy use rights trading.Third,the production and consumption costs of green products are relatively high,resulting in insufficient consumer demand.Fourth,there is limited participation in the revision of international green standards,and there are few leading enterprises capable of guiding international trends in green manufacturing.To enhance the market incentives for green manufacturing in China,it is necessary to establish a scientific and rational support policy system for green manufacturing,implement threshold-based entry policies,and improve the policy system for the entire green manufacturing supply chain.Additionally,the market trading mechanisms for green manufacturing and the standards and evaluation systems for green manufacturing values should be refined,while accelerating the integration of the national carbon trading market with local carbon trading markets.Furthermore,efforts should be made to simultaneously reduce costs and increase efficiency on both the supply and demand sides of green manufacturing,promote the international alignment of China’s green manufacturing standards,and deepen international exchanges and cooperation in green manufacturing.