摘要
随着人类生存发展环境的深刻复杂变化,各类突发公共卫生事件频发,医疗装备行业已成为全球发展最快的产业之一,因此培养兼具“医学”与“工学”知识背景的“医工融合”复合型人才尤为重要。该文依托医工结合的方式指导学生研发了一款新型移动式个体隔离舱并进行性能测试,该舱体可实现内环境快速稳定至人体舒适范围,在不同运动状态、不同诊疗窗扎孔处理条件下均能实现优越的防护与隔离性能。该实验促进了学生对个体防护装备的认识与实践能力,为移动式个体隔离舱的实际应用提供了参考,为培养“医工融合”复合型人才打下基础。
[Objective]With profound and complex changes in the human environment,different types of public health emergencies are occurring more frequently.The medical equipment industry has become one of the world’s fastest-growing industries,making it particularly important to cultivate“medical–industrial integration”talents with“medical”and“engineering”expertise.Negative pressure isolation chambers,the most efficient means for preventing cross-infection,are mainly used for transporting individuals with highly contagious diseases such as COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019),SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome),avian influenza,and Ebola.However,current negative pressure isolation chambers have limitations,such as a lack of individual manipulation and mobility,low isolation and protection levels,and poor comfort,which seriously compromise patient care efficiency.Therefore,a new type of mobile individual isolation chamber is proposed in this study to improve protection levels and comfort.[Methods]This study developed a simulation analog test system for a mobile individual isolation chamber comprising an aerosol generation chamber,the isolation chamber body,and a remotely operated containment chamber.This system simulated the patient’s breathing process and aerosol-contaminated environments,moving at a speed of 10 km/h to mimic patient transfer.The chamber’s clinic window was pierced to simulate routine testing and diagnostic activities such as nucleic acid sampling,blood draws,and injections.NaCl aerosol,with a logarithmic particle size distribution in the range of 15–205 nm,was used as the test medium to simulate viral aerosols.Key performance indexes of the innovative mobile individual isolation chamber,such as leakage,permeation,percentage of O2 and CO2,temperature,and relative humidity were tested under different movement states,negative pressure levels,and clinic window treatments.[Results]The chamber could be stabilized to the preset negative pressure value within 1–10 min of operation.Leakage rates for the chamber when at rest and moving were 0.0003%–0.0018%and 0.0388%–0.6374%,respectively.Permeation rates before and after clinic window piercing were maintained at 0.4361%–2.5658%and 0.5995%–3.5658%,respectively.Increased negative pressure significantly reduced leakage but significantly increased permeation.O2 and CO2 levels inside the chamber could be maintained at 20%–22%and 0.03%–0.04%,respectively.Under external conditions of 32℃and 35%relative humidity(RH),the chamber’s internal temperature and RH were adjusted to 20℃–24℃and 40%–48%within 5 min.The chamber temperature and humidity regulation rate accelerated with increasing negative pressure,and window piercing did not affect O2 and CO2,temperature,and RH levels inside the chamber.[Conclusions]Results show that the new mobile individual isolation chamber offers superior protection and good comfort.This study promotes students’understanding of personal protective equipment,stimulates their creativity and practical ability,provides a reference for practical applications of mobile individual isolation chambers,and supports the development of“medical-industrial integration”talents.
作者
朱金佗
胡淇
冯汉禹
邵将
姚君
ZHU Jintuo;HU Qi;FENG Hanyu;SHAO Jiang;YAO Jun(School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Architecture and Design,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《实验技术与管理》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第11期26-35,共10页
Experimental Technology and Management
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51904291)
江苏省基础研究计划(BK20190638)。
关键词
病毒飞沫气溶胶
隔离舱
泄漏率
渗透率
个体防护装备
viral droplet aerosol
isolation chamber
leakage
permeability
personal protective equipment