面向吸热型碳氢燃料结焦抑制的冷却通道研究进展

Research progress of cooling channels applied to coking inhibition of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels

吸热型碳氢燃料在解决飞行器热管理问题中展现出巨大的应用潜力,但其在高温裂解过程中不可避免地会产生结焦,需要通过改变燃料组成、使用添加剂或处理冷却通道等结焦抑制技术来减少结焦。本文着重综述不同结构、材料组成和表面处理的冷却通道对抑制碳氢燃料结焦的作用,主要体现在:优化冷却通道结构,改善燃料流动状态,可以提高传热效率,减少结焦;调控基底材料组成,降低催化生焦活性,有利于结焦抑制;通过机械抛光、涂层和预氧化等表面处理方法,覆盖金属表面催化活性位点,降低焦炭前驱体与催化位点接触概率,达到抑制催化结焦的目的。同时,给出了优化结构设计、开发新型材料以及联用多种表面改性技术等方向的建议,期望为吸热型碳氢燃料的工程应用提供一定参考。

Endothermic hydrocarbon fuels show great potential in solving the challenges of thermal manage⁃ment in aircraft.However,coke is inevitably produced during pyrolysis at high temperature,which needs to be reduced by changing the fuel composition,using additives or treating cooling channels and other coking inhibi⁃tion techniques.In this paper,the effects of cooling channels with different structure,substrate composition and surface treatment on inhibiting the coking of hydrocarbon fuels are summarized.They are mainly reflected in the following aspects.Optimizing the structure of the cooling channel and improving the fuel flow state can improve the heat transfer efficiency and reduce the coking.Regulating the composition of the substrate and reducing the catalytic activity are beneficial to the inhibition of coking.By mechanical polishing,coating and pre-oxidation of metal surface,the catalytic active sites on the surface are covered,and the contact probability between the coke precursor and the catalytic sites is reduced to achieve the purpose of inhibiting catalytic coking.At the same time,some suggestions on optimizing the structure design,developing new materials and combining various sur⁃face modification techniques are given,which are expected to provide some reference for the engineering applica⁃tion of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels.