不同经支气管镜活检术在老年中央型肺癌诊断中的应用

Application of different transbronchoscopic biopsies in the diagnosis of senile central lung cancer

目的 研究不同经支气管镜活检术在老年中央型肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2020年6月至2023年6月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二三医院收治的97例经病理学确诊为中央型肺癌的老年患者的临床资料。根据首次经纤维支气管镜活检方式的不同,将患者分为支气管内膜活检术(EBB)组(n=51)和常规经支气管镜针吸活检术(cTBNA)组(n=46)。统计组织病理学结果,计算并对比EBB、cTBNA在诊断老年中央型肺癌中的首次活检阳性率,同时评价2组患者活检耐受度及并发症的差异。结果 2组患者鳞癌占比均超过50%,2组患者的首次活检阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EBB组患者术中因主观耐受度导致临时退镜发生率高于cTBNA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术中不同级别并发症的发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中EBB组患者术中2级及以上并发症发生率显著高于cTBNA组(P<0.001)。结论 对于老年中央型肺癌患者,EBB与cTBNA的首次活检阳性率大致相当,但后者术后并发症发生率显著低于前者,可将cTBNA作为该人群首选活检方式。

Objective To study the application value of different transbronchial biopsies in the diagnosis of central lung cancer in elderly patients.Methods The clinical data of 97 elderly patients with central lung cancer diagnosed by pathology from June 2020 to June 2023 in the 923rd Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different initial transbronchial biopsy methods,the patients were divided into the endobronchial biopsy(EBB)group(n=51)and the conventional transbronchial needle aspiration(cTBNA)group(n=46).The histopathological results were statistically analyzed,and the first biopsy positive rates of EBB and cTBNA in the diagnosis of senile central lung cancer were calculated and compared.At the same time,the differences of biopsy tolerance and complications between the two groups were evaluated.Results The squamous cell carcinoma proportions in both groups were over 50%.There was no significant difference in the first biopsy positive rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of temporary retreat of the scope due to subjective tolerance in the EBB group was higher than that in the cTBNA group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications of different grades between the two groups(P<0.001).Among them,the incidence of grade 2 and above complications during surgery in the EBB group was significantly higher than that in the cTBNA group(P<0.001).Conclusion For elderly patients with central lung cancer,the success rate of the first biopsy of EBB and cTBNA is roughly equivalent,but the incidence of postoperative complications of the latter is significantly lower than that of the former.cTBNA can be used as the first biopsy method for this population.