面向“十五五”的国家战略科技力量建设的逻辑与路径

Logic and Pathways for Building National Strategic Science and Technology Strength for"the 15th Five-Year Plan"

国家战略科技力量是实现高水平科技自立自强和建设世界科技强国的关键支撑。“十四五”规划将强化国家战略科技力量纳入科技强国的行动纲要,党的二十届三中全会亦对加强国家战略科技力量建设进行了重点规划和部署。面向“十五五”,国家战略科技力量建设的总体逻辑须围绕如何充分发挥其在国家创新体系中的战略支撑、全局优化和创新引领作用展开。其中,战略支撑的核心目标是建设世界科技强国,全局优化以如何构建体系化的创新生态为指向,创新引领则强调转变其赋能经济和社会发展的模式。不可避免,“十五五”时期国家战略科技力量的建设将面临诸多内外部挑战,包括创新主体的定位交叉重叠、缺少宏观统筹,以及科技创新体系的协同性不足。因此,“十五五”时期国家战略科技力量战略支撑、全局优化和创新引领作用的充分发挥应以创新能力的提升、创新生态的优化和新质生产力的培育为依托;从更加宏观的体系构建层面看,则需要以持之以恒的体制机制创新来克服其发展过程中面临的内外部挑战。

The construction of national strategic science and technology strength is a vital component in achieving high-level technological self-reliance and building a strong science and technology nation."The 14th Five-Year Plan"incorporates the en⁃hancement of national strategic science and technology strength into its action outline for building a science and technology powerhouse.The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also made significant plans and deployments to strengthen this aspect.Coping with"the 15th Five-Year Plan",the overarching logic of building na⁃tional strategic science and technology strength must focus on maximizing its strategic support,overall optimization,and innova⁃tion leadership roles within the national innovation system.The core goal of strategic support is to establish a world-leading sci⁃ence and technology power;overall optimization aims to build a systematic innovation ecosystem;and innovation leadership em⁃phasizes transforming its role in empowering economic and social development.Inevitably,the construction of national strategic science and technology strength during"the 15th Five-Year Plan"will face numerous internal and external challenges,includ⁃ing overlapping roles of innovation entities,lack of macro-level coordination,and insufficient synergy within the science and technology innovation system.To address these challenges,the strategic support,overall optimization,and innovation leadership roles of national strategic science and technology strength during"the 15th Five-Year Plan"must rely on enhancing innovation capabilities,optimizing the innovation ecosystem,and cultivating new types of productivity.From a broader perspective of sys⁃tem construction,persistent institutional and mechanism innovations are necessary to overcome the internal and external chal⁃lenges that will arise during its development.