马克思主体性思想的三重变奏——基于对“实践”与“劳动”概念内在关系的考察

Three Variations of Marx's Subjectivity Thought:Based on the Examination of the Intrinsic Relationship between the Concepts of"Practice"and"Labor"

作为马克思主体性思想的核心要素,“实践”与“劳动”之间包含三重逻辑关系,即融合联结、积极扬弃与全面解放。与之相应,马克思的主体性思想呈现为一个“现实主体性—革命主体性—社会主体性”的三位一体结构。在这一结构中,以人的实践和劳动为核心的现实主体性原则为革命主体性和社会主体性的科学论证奠定了哲学基础;马克思对革命主体性的分析则表明无产阶级必然通过实践从劳动关系中解放自身;在未来的自由人联合体中,社会主体将依托共产主义的建设性实践实现自由劳动的全面解放与升华。马克思的主体性思想既批判地扎根于现实,又超越地朝向未来。

As the core element of Marx's subjective thought,there are three logical relations between"practice"and"labor",that is,integration and connection,active sublating and comprehensive liberation.Accordingly,Marx's thought of subjectivity presents a trinity structure of"realistic subjectivity,revolutionary subjectivity and social subjectivity".In this structure,the prin⁃ciple of real subjectivity with human practice and labor as the core lays the philosophical foundation for the scientific demon⁃stration of revolutionary subjectivity and social subjectivity.Marx's analysis of revolutionary subjectivity shows that the proletari⁃at must emancipate itself from labor relations through practice.In the future association of free people,the social subject will re⁃ly on the constructive practice of communism to realize the comprehensive liberation and sublimation of free labor.Marx's thought of subjectivity is critically rooted in reality and surpasses the future.