中国1991—2018年成年居民蔬菜消费变化趋势及其影响因素分析

Analysis of trends and factors of vegetable consumption of adult in China from 1991 to 2018

目的 了解1991—2018年中国成年居民蔬菜消费变化趋势,分析蔬菜消费的影响因素,为指导中国成年居民蔬菜合理消费提供科学依据。方法 数据来源于1991、2000、2011、2018年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS),研究纳入调查对象36 571名。通过连续3天24小时(3 d 24 h)膳食回顾法收集蔬菜消费信息,并计算个体平均每日蔬菜消费量。采用描述性分析、趋势检验描述并分析历年蔬菜消费变化趋势,采用分位数回归分析2018年中国成年居民蔬菜消费影响因素。结果 中国成年居民蔬菜消费呈下降趋势,蔬菜总消费量均数从1991年的345.3 g/d下降至2018年的265.0 g/d(P<0.05),蔬菜总消费量中位数从1991年的315.8 g/d下降至2018年的242.6 g/d(P<0.05)。深色蔬菜消费占蔬菜总消费量比例从1991年的23.5%下降至2018年的21.3%(P<0.05)。成年居民每日蔬菜消费量达到中国居民膳食指南最低推荐摄入量(300 g/d)的比例从1991年的53.8%下降至2018年的34.7%(P<0.05)。成年居民的年龄、性别及居住地为蔬菜消费的重要影响因素。结论 1991—2018年中国成年居民蔬菜消费呈下降趋势,深色蔬菜消费尤为不足。18~44岁居民、女性及城市居民的蔬菜消费量偏低。建议针对不同群体采取相应措施促进蔬菜消费。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for guiding rational vegetable consumption,the trend of vegetable consumption among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2018 was understood,and the factors affecting vegetable consumption were analyzed.Methods The data for analyzing of trends in vegetable consumption among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2018 were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)conducted in 1991,2000,2011,and 2018.The survey included a total of 36571 participants.Information on vegetable consumption was collected using a 3 d 24 h dietary recall method,and the average daily vegetable consumption per individual was calculated.Descriptive analysis and trend tests were used to describe and analyze changes trends in vegetable consumption over the years.In addition,a quantitative regression analysis was conducted in 2018 to identify factors influencing vegetable consumption among Chinese adults.Results Vegetable consumption among adult residents in China has shown a downward trend.Average vegetable consumption decreased from 345.3 g/d in 1991 to 265.0 g/d in 2018(P<0.05).Similarly,the median vegetable consumption decreased from 315.8 g/d in 1991 to 242.6 g/d in 2018(P<0.05).The proportion of dark vegetables in total vegetable consumption decreased from 23.5%in 1991 to 21.3%in 2018(P<0.05).The proportion of daily vegetable consumption reaching the minimum recommended intake of Chinese residents(300 g/d)decreased from 53.8%in 1991 to 34.7%in 2018(P<0.05).Age,gender,and place of residence were important factors affecting vegetable consumption among Chinese adults.Conclusion From 1991 to 2018,vegetable consumption among Chinese adults showed a decreasing trend,especially in the consumption of dark vegetables.Individuals aged from 18 to 44,females,and urban residents had lower vegetable intake.To address this issue,it is recommended that targeted initiatives be implemented to increase vegetable consumption among different population groups.