灾害政治学视角下应急志愿活动的“源、困、策”分析

Analysis of the“Origin,Difficulty,Strategy”of the Efficacy of Emergency Volunteer Activities From a Disaster Policy Perspective

为从政治层面解释应急志愿活动在灾害救援中面临的各种问题,本文借助灾害政治学的研究视角和理论基础,从自然灾害、政治权力、传统文化3个层面构建应急志愿活动起源和灾害共治的分析框架,探讨应急志愿活动在灾害共治各阶段中的诸多现实困境并提出纾解策略。研究显示:应急志愿活动起源于人与自然、人与人之间的紧张关系,在文化作用下成为社会文明进步的重要标志;在灾害共治的不同阶段,应急志愿活动存在应急志愿教育薄弱、资源获取能力不足、法治支撑作用缺失、数字平台缺少、协调行动机制缺失、专业能力参差不齐、激励保障不足等问题;针对各阶段的众多问题不断完善相关理论和策略,可有效激发应急志愿活动活力,提升应急志愿活动效能。

In order to elucidate the multifaceted challenges encountered by emergency volunteering in disaster relief from a political perspective,this paper develops an analytical framework for the origin of emergency volunteering and disaster co governance at three levels:natural disasters,political power and traditional culture.It then proceeds to examine the practical difficulties of emergency volunteering at each stage of disaster co-governance and a series of strategies for their mitigation.It is demonstrated that the phenomenon of emergency volunteering has its roots in the tension between humanity and the natural world,as well as between individuals.It has evolved into a significant symbol of social civilization and progress,shaped by cultural factors.The implementation of disaster co-governance is not without its challenges,particularly in the context of emergence volunteering activities.These challenges include deficiencies in emergency volunteer training,inadequate resource acquisition capabilities,a lack of robust legal frameworks,the absence of digital platforms,a lack of coordination and action mechanisms,disparities in professional capabilities,and an insufficient incentive structure and guarantee system.The continuous improvement of pertinent theories and strategies for a multitude of issues at each stage can effectively stimulate the vitality of emergency volunteer activities and enhance the efficacy of emergency volunteer activities.