不同颜色降解地膜对马铃薯生长和产量的影响

Effects of Different Color Degradable Plastic Films on the Growth and Yield of Potato

为筛选适合甘肃省旱作区马铃薯生产的降解地膜,以普通黑色PE地膜为对照(CK),研究9种不同颜色降解地膜(白、黄、紫、绿、橙、银、灰、蓝、黑)对马铃薯生长发育和土壤环境的影响,并对降解地膜的降解性能进行评价。结果表明,除D8(蓝)和D3(紫)处理马铃薯生育期较CK延长2~4 d外,其余7种不同颜色降解地膜处理马铃薯生育期较CK提前1~5 d,在马铃薯全生育期均呈现降解,D1(白色)和D9(黑色)地膜降解程度最高,进入完全崩解期,其他颜色地膜均处于崩解期,没有完全降解,降解强度在11.14%~90.94%。D9(黑色)处理的马铃薯株高、茎粗、单株主茎数、产量和品质性状最好,产量达47 517 kg/hm^(2),较CK增产10.68%,可作为甘肃省马铃薯生产中普通PE地膜替代产品。

The effects of different color(white,yellow,purple,green,orange,silver,gray,blue and black) degradable plastic films on potato growth and soil environments were studied.The degradation performances of degradable plastic films were evaluated using ordinary polyethylene(PE) plastic film as the control(CK) in order to screen the degradable plastic film suitable for potato production in rain-fed area of Gansu Province.The growth period of potato under D8(blue) and D3(purple) treatments was two to four days longer than CK.However,the growth period of potato under other seven different color degradation film treatments was one to five days earlier than CK.The degradable plastic films were degraded during the whole growth period of potato,with D1(white) and D9(black) mulch films having the highest degradation degree and entering the complete disintegration stage.The other color mulch films were only in the disintegration stage and did not completely degrade,with degradation intensity being 11.14%-90.94%.The characteristics in terms of plant height,stem diameter,number of main stems per plant,yield and quality of the treatment D9(black) exhibited the best,and the yield reached 47 517 kg/ha,an increase of 10.68% compared to CK.Therefore,the black degradable plastic film could be used as a substitute for ordinary PE mulching film in potato production in Gansu Province.