数字经济对中老年人就业的影响研究

Impact of Digital Economy on Middle-Aged and Elderly People’s Employment

数字经济作为经济发展新动能,带动了更多中老年人实现高质量就业。利用省级数字经济发展水平数据和中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,考察了数字经济对中老年人就业的影响。研究发现,数字经济发展有利于促进中老年人的劳动参与,主要影响中老年群体中的女性、农村户籍、低龄组、低技能、家庭年收入较低、较发达地区群体;数字经济发展还有利于提升中老年人就业质量,主要影响中老年群体中的男性、农村户籍、低龄组、低技能、家庭年收入高、较发达地区群体。进一步机制检验发现,数字经济对中老年人就业存在“公共就业服务促进效应”,通过赋能公共服务,提高服务效能,促进中老年人的劳动参与,提高中老年人的就业质量。基于研究,提出应加快产业数字化转型,创造更多适合中老年群体特点的就业岗位;根据中老年群体差异制定精准就业政策,提高就业政策效力;数字赋能就业服务,构建多元主体共同参与的公共就业服务体系等政策建议。

Digital economy,as a new driving force for economic development,has promoted more middle-aged and elderly people to achieve high-quality employment.By using the data from provincial digital economy development levels and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),this study examines the impact of digital economy on the middle-aged and elderly people’s employment.It is found that digital economy development is conducive to promoting the labor participation of middle-aged and elderly people,mainly affecting the women in middle-aged and elderly group,rural registered residence,young age group,low skill group,groups with lower annual family income,and groups in more developed regions;and that digital economy development is also conducive to improving the employment quality of middle-aged and elderly people,mainly affecting the men in middle-aged and elderly group,rural registered residence,young age group,low skill group,high family income group,and the group in more developed regions.Further mechanism testing found that digital economy has a“public employment service promotion effect”on middle-aged and elderly people’s employment,and improves their employment quality by empowering public services,improving service efficiency,and promoting middle-aged and elderly people’s labor participation.Based on this research,such policy suggestions are proposed as accelerating the digital transformation of industries to create more job opportunities suitable for the characteristics of middle-aged and elderly groups,developing precise employment policies based on the differences between middle-aged and elderly groups to improve the effectiveness of employment policies,and making digitalization empower employment services and building a public employment service system with multivariate subjects’joint participation.