不同控释复合肥对鲁东小麦生长、氮素吸收与利用的影响

Effects of Different Controlled-release Compound Fertilizers on Wheat Growth,Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Eastern Shandong Province

为筛选出适宜鲁东冬小麦的控释复合肥,以小麦品种“济麦22”为材料,采用随机区组大田试验,设4个处理,分别为施用控失型控释复合肥(CRF1),多肽螯合型控释复合肥(CRF2),硝基双效型控释复合肥(CRF3),脲甲醛控释复合肥(CRF4)和4个分别与4种控释复合肥等养分量的单质肥料复配复合肥处理(CCF1、CCF2、CCF3、CCF4)。按照N为240 kg/hm^(2),用尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾按控释复合肥中的养分含量配制对应的普通复合肥,其中控释复合肥处理的肥料全部基施,单质肥料复配复合肥的氮素按1:1的比例在播种前和拔节期施用,磷钾肥一次性基施,研究其对鲁东冬小麦的分蘖数、成熟期干物质积累量、产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:与各自的对照相比,CRF1和CRF4处理的小麦干物质积累量的增幅分别为4.87%和3.52%,差异达到显著水平;其它两种控释复合肥的小麦干物质积累量虽有增加但与各自的对照相比较,差异未达到显著水平。CRF4处理的小麦单株分蘖成穗数、分蘖成穗率均为最高,分别为5.00%和59.35%,有利于小麦高产群体构建;控释复合肥处理的土壤有效氮供应在小麦全生育期内比较均衡,可以满足小麦全生育期对氮素的需求,且CRF1处理和CRF4处理的效果更优;与对照相比,CRF1处理和CRF4处理的小麦氮素利用率和氮素吸收效率增幅显著高于其它两种控释复合肥处理,更有利于促进小麦对氮素的吸收利用。与对照相比,控释复合肥可显著增加小麦产量,提高氮素利用率,其中CRF1处理和CRF4处理更适用于鲁东冬小麦的栽培。综上,控失型控释复合肥和脲甲醛控释复合肥更适宜鲁东冬小麦高产高效的需求,具有较大的增产潜力。

The wheat variety"Jiemai 22"was treated in a randomized block group field trial with loss-controlled-release compound fertilizer(CRF1),peptide-chelating controlled-release compound fertilizer(CRF2),nitro double-effect controlled-release compound fertilizer(CRF3),urea-formaldehyde controlled-release compound fertilizer(CRF4)and four single-compound fertilizers(CCF1,CCF2,CCF3,CCF4)to screen out suitable controlled-release compound fertilizers for winter wheat in eastern Shandong province.Common compound fertilizers were formulated with N of 240 kg/hm^(2),urea,calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride according to the nutrient content of the controlled-release compound fertilizers.The controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments were used in full application,the nitrogen of single-compound fertilizers was applied at the pre-sowing and pulling-out stages with 1:1 ratio,the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied once basal application,and the effects of the treatments on the number of tillers,dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization at maturity of winter wheat in eastern Shandong province were studied.The results showed that compared with the several control,the increase in dry matter accumulation of wheat with CRF1 and CRF4 was significantly higher than those of the other two kinds,4.87% and 3.52%,respectively;the number of tillers of wheat single-plant tillers into spikes and the tiller into spikes rate of wheat with CRF4 were the highest,5.00 and 59.35%,respectively,which was good for the construction of high-yielding groups of wheat;the effective nitrogen supply of soil in the treatment of controlled-release compound fertilizers was balanced in the whole life cycle of wheat,which could meet the nitrogen demand of the whole life cycle of wheat,and CRF1 and CRF4 had a better performance;compared with the control,nitrogen utilization and nitrogen uptake efficiency increase of CRF1 and CRF4 were significantly higher than those of the other two kinds of controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments,which could better promote nitrogen absorption and utilization of wheat.Compared with the control,the controlled-release compound fertilizers could significantly improve wheat yield and nitrogen utilization.CRF1 and CRF4 were more suitable for the cultivation of winter wheat in eastern Shandong province.In conclusion,loss-controlled-release compound fertilizers and urea-formaldehyde controlled-release compound fertilizers could effectively improve the yield of winter wheat in Eastern Shandong Province with greater potential.