基于相对价格法的网约车市场统一开放、竞争有序指数构建与应用

Development and Application of a Unified,Open,and Competitive Orderly Ride-Hailing Market Index Based on Relative Price Method

在加快建设全国统一大市场背景下,为有效监测网约车市场动态,提出网约车市场统一开放、竞争有序指数的构建方法。首先,从市场统一性、开放性和竞争有序性维度提出网约车市场评价指标,并采用相对价格法计算市场统一性指数。其次,运用熵权法对各评价指标进行客观赋权,进而合成指数。然后,以广东省8个城市为例分析发现,2021年下半年至2023年下半年期间,广州市网约车市场统一开放、竞争有序指数最高,从0.5增至约0.75;深圳市、佛山市和东莞市的指数值在0.3~0.5波动,总体呈上升态势,反映出这些城市网约车市场发展的积极趋势。无论是否对样本城市分组,上述结论均保持一致,反映了网约车市场发展水平存在的差异。最后,在强化运价治理、完善运力动态调整机制、促进有序规范发展、发挥领先城市的示范作用、建立健全常态化信息发布机制方面提出建议,以全面促进网约车市场健康发展。

In the context of accelerating the construction of a unified national market,this paper proposed a methodology for developing a unified,open,and competitive orderly(UOCO)ride-hailing market index to effectively monitor the ride-hailing market′s dynamics.Firstly,evaluation indicators for the ridehailing market were developed from the dimensions of market unification,openness,and competitive orderliness,and the relative price method was applied to calculate the market unification index.Secondly,the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the evaluation indicators,thus synthesizing the UOCO ride-hailing market index.Then,taking the eight cities in Guangdong Province as an example,the analysis found that during the second half of 2021 to the second half of 2023,Guangzhou had the highest value in the UOCO ride-hailing market index,increasing from 0.5 to about 0.75,while the indices for Shenzhen,Foshan,and Dongguan fluctuated between 0.3 and 0.5,generally showing an upward trend,which reflected a positive trend in the development of the ride-hailing markets in these cities.These findings remain consistent regardless of whether the sample cities were grouped,reflecting different levels of development in the ride-hailing market.Finally,suggestions were put forward in terms of strengthening tariff governance,improving capacity adjustment mechanisms,promoting orderly and normative development,utilizing the exemplary role of leading cities,and developing mechanisms for regular information release to comprehensively support the healthy development of the ridehailing market.