也谈关于“坐(卧/立)+地”结构中“地”的词性问题

The Grammaticalization of the Word De(地)in the Structure of Sitting(Lying/Standing)+De(坐/卧/立+地)

关于“地”字,除了常见作结构助词的用法,在近代汉语中还出现了一种跟在不及物动词“坐、卧、立”之后的“地”的用法,关于后一种“地”的词性问题,尚未有定论,值得继续讨论分析。文章对“坐(卧/立)+地”结构的历史发展变化做了简要梳理,认为该结构中“地”在一开始应该是一个名词,在使用过程中由于语义羡余发生语法化,语法化后的“地”应当为助词,而非词缀,其部分用法与“着”重合,但也有部分用法与“着”不同,不能完全将这类“地”等同于“着”。“坐(卧/立)+地”结构中的动词并没有从坐、卧、立扩展到其他动词中,可能是受到助词系统中其他强势词的影响,从而逐渐在汉语中消失。

Regarding the word de(地),in addition to the common usage of structural particle,there is also a usage of de(地)in modern Chinese where it follows the intransitive verbs zuo(坐),wo(卧),and li(立).The grammatical nature of this“地”has not been defi nitively determined and warrants further discussion and analysis.The article briefl y sorts out the historical development and changes of the sitting/lying/standing+de(坐/卧/立+地)structure,and believes that de(地)in the structure should be a noun at the beginning.It suggests that initially,de(地)was a noun in this structure,but due to semantic redundancy,it underwent grammaticalization.The grammaticalized de(地)should be considered as a particle rather than an affi x.So me of its usages overlap with the particle zhe(着),but there are also diff erences that prevent us from equating this type of de(地)with zhe(着)entirely.The verbs in the sitting/lying/standing+de(坐/卧/立+地)structure have not extended to other verbs,possibly due to the infl uence of other dominant words in the particle system,gradually leading to its disappearance in Chinese.