“想当然”用法初探

A Preliminary Study on the Usage of Xiangdangran(想当然)

“想当然”最早于南朝宋共现,明清时期由于使用场景的改变而在语义及用法上发生了变化,这促进并影响了现代汉语中“想当然”这一固定结构的出现及使用。“想当然”在自身的演变中伴随着虚化过程,这主要体现在其逐渐从后置的谓语位置向前置的状语位置转移,还出现了可以作为关联副词来理解的情况,在语法化过程中的几个阶段上都有所体现。尽管“想当然”在现代汉语中经常作为一个固定结构来使用,但实际上它还未完全凝固成为一个词,只是处于词汇化的初级阶段——习语化。

Xiangdangran(想当然)fi rst appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty,but during the Ming and Qing dynasties,its semantics and usage underwent changes due to changes in usage scenarios,which promoted and infl uenced the emergence and usage of the fi xed structure xiangdangran(想当然)in modern Chinese.In its own evolution,xiangdangran(想当然)is accompanied by a process of delexicalization,primarily manifested in its gradual shift from a post-predicate position to a pre-adverbial position.It has also exhibited cases where it can be understood as a conjunctive adverb.These stages are evident in its grammaticalization process.Although xiangdangran(想当然)is often used as a fi xed structure in modern Chinese,it has not yet fully solidifi ed into a single word and is only in the initial stage of lexicalization-idiomatic.