中美粮食贸易的竞争性和互补性分析

Analysis of competitiveness and complementarity of Sino-US grain trade

基于2002—2021年联合国商品贸易数据库(UN Comtrade)的数据,采用贸易竞争力指数、显示性比较优势指数、贸易互补性指数、行业贸易互补性指数分析了中国与美国的粮食贸易竞争性和互补性关系。结果表明:在粮食贸易领域,中国相较于美国整体上处于竞争劣势,但两国展现出较强的贸易互补性。具体而言,美国进口与中国出口的各类粮食作物间的贸易互补关系尤为显著。此外,中国出口至美国的粮食产品与美国进口需求间的贸易互补性指数要高于美国出口至中国与中国进口需求间的互补性指数。基于此,提出了扩大具有比较优势的粮食出口、提升粮食产品的附加值、确保主粮生产安全等对策建议。

Based on the data of the United Nations Comtrade database(UN Comtrade)from 2002 to 2021,this paper analyzes the competitiveness and complementarity between China and the United States in grain trade by using trade competitiveness index,revealed comparative advantage index,trade complementarity index and industry trade complementarity index.The results show that in the field of grain trade,China is generally at a competitive disadvantage compared to the United States,but the two countries show strong trade complementarity.Specifically,the trade complementarity between various grain crops imported by the United States and exported by China is particularly significant.In addition,the trade complementarity index between China’s exports of grain products to the United States and the demand for imports from the United States is higher than the complementarity index between US exports to China and the demand for imports from China.Based on this,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions,such as expanding the grain exports with comparative advantage,increasing the added value of grain products and ensuring the safety of staple grains production.