动物源性食品中禁用兽药监管及检测策略研究进展

Research progress on regulatory and detection strategies for prohibited veterinary drugs in animal-derived foods

兽药是在动物养殖过程中使用的一类药物,其滥用导致的残留等问题对食品药品安全已然成为不可忽视的问题。特别是部分品种因其对人体健康、生态环境等方面的安全性隐患,已被国内外普遍禁用,该类兽药如何监管已成为当前食品安全研究的热点问题,本文综述了国内外(中国、美国、欧盟、日本、国际食品法典委员会)禁用兽药的监管现状及我国检测方法标准。另外,不同结构类型的禁用兽药化学性质差异较大,专属性检测方法各异,如何检测食品等复杂基质中的禁用兽药成为挑战,本文根据近5年文献报道按不同禁用兽药(镇静剂类、喹诺酮类、酰胺醇类、性激素类、硝基呋喃类、硝基咪唑类、β受体激动剂、农药杀虫剂类、砷汞制剂)的化学结构特点,对其专属性检测策略进行综述,以期为复杂基质中兽药残留检测技术开发提供参考。

Veterinary drugs are a class of drugs used in the process of animal breeding,and the residues caused by their abuse have become a non-negligible problem for food and drug safety.Some varieties have been generally banned at home and abroad due to their safety hazards to human health,ecological environment,etc.How to regulate this type of veterinary drugs has become a hot issue in the current food safety research,this paper summarizes the domestic and foreign(China,the U.S.the European Union,Japan,the Codex Alimentarius Commission)prohibited veterinary drugs regulations and our testing standards.In addition,the chemical properties of different structural types of banned veterinary drugs vary greatly,and the exclusive detection methods are different,so how to detect the banned veterinary drugs in complex matrices such as food has become a challenge.This paper,accorded to the literature reports in the last 5 years,analyzed the chemical structure of different banned veterinary drugs(tranquilizers,quinolones,amphenicols,hormones,nitrofurans,nitroimidazoles,β-agonists,pesticides-insecticides,arsenic and mercury agents)and analyzed their exclusive detection strategy according to the chemical structure and characteristics.The exclusive detection strategies were reviewed,with a view to providing a reference for the development of veterinary residue detection technology in complex matrices.