线粒体功能障碍与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance

线粒体在细胞活动和代谢过程中起重要作用,胰岛素抵抗(IR)存在于多种代谢性疾病的早期阶段。许多研究表明线粒体功能障碍通过多种机制影响胰岛素信号传导,从而导致IR的发生和发展;另外,胰岛素功能降低使信号通路失活,由此所导致的IR影响线粒体生物发生和动力学,损伤线粒体功能。然而,目前尚不清楚线粒体功能障碍是原发性还是继发于疾病早期的葡萄糖代谢紊乱、IR和胰岛素分泌缺陷。本文就线粒体功能障碍与IR的因果关系进行综述,揭示线粒体功能障碍在代谢性疾病中的病理机制,并回顾了改善线粒体功能和IR的多种方法,为临床提供参考。

Mitochondria plays an important role in cellular activities and metabolic processes,and insulin resistance(IR)exists in the early stage of a variety of metabolic diseases.Many studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction affects insulin signaling through a variety of mechanisms,leading to the occurrence and development of IR.In addition,reduced insulin function inactivates signaling pathways,resulting in IR that affects mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and impairs mitochondrial function.However,it remains unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is primary or secondary to disturbances of glucose metabolism,IR,and insulin secretion defects early in the disease.This article reviews the causal relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and IR,reveals the pathological mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic diseases,and reviews a variety of methods to improve mitochondrial function and IR,so as to provide reference for clinical practice.