终末期肾病患者血液透析血管通路的选择及与预后关联性的研究进展

Research progress on the choice of vascular access for hemodialysis and its correlation with prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease

血液透析是终末期肾病主要的治疗手段,进行血液透析治疗之前需建立一条血管通路,维持稳定且长久血流量,才能保证血液透析治疗的效果。目前没有最理想的血管通路类型,临床上能长期维持稳定血流量的血管通路类型主要包含自体动静脉内瘘、移植物动静脉内瘘和中心静脉导管,而选择不同的血管通路类型可能后续也会造成终末期肾病患者发生不同的并发症,对患者预后产生不同的影响。为更好了解不同血管通路类型对终末期肾病患者预后的影响,现就血液透析血管通路的选择及与患者预后关联性的相关研究进行综述,为终末期肾病患者进行血液透析时血管通路类型的决策提供参考。

Hemodialysis is the main treatment for end-stage renal disease.Before hemodialysis treatment,it is necessary to establish a vascular access and maintain stable and long-term blood flow to ensure the effect of hemodialysis treatment.At present,there is no ideal vascular access type.Clinically,vascular access types that can maintain long-term stable blood flow mainly include autogenous arteriovenous fistula,graft arteriovenous fistula and central venous catheter.The choice of different vascular access types may also cause different complications in patients with end-stage renal disease,and have different effects on the prognosis of patients.In order to better understand the effects of different vascular access types on the prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease,this article reviews the selection of vascular access and its correlation with the prognosis of patients,so as to provide reference for the decision-making of vascular access types in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.