河南省城镇老年慢病患者居家用药安全及影响因素研究:一项横截面调查

Study on the Safety and Influencing Factors of Home Medication for Elderly Patients with Chronic Diseases in Urban Areas of Henan:A Cross-sectional Survey

目的评估河南城镇老年慢病患者的居家用药安全现状,并分析影响其安全用药的因素。方法采用方便抽样法选取研究对象,通过设计并优化问卷收集数据,药师入户进行调研,并采用Excel和SPSS 26.0版软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入有效问卷352份。大多数受访者为60~70岁,女性占比为56.2%,教育水平52.0%为初中及以下。慢性疾病排名靠前的为高血压(62.2%)和高血脂(33.2%)等,61.1%的患者患有多种慢性病,家庭药箱中解热镇痛类药物占比最高,达90.1%。药物遵循说明书储存比例(46.9%)稍低,且93.8%的老年人过期药物处理方式不合理,用药指导服务的知晓率(34.9%)也较低。Logistic回归分析表明,教育程度和月收入等因素对理解药品说明书、药物储存合理性、过期药物处理及用药指导服务知晓度有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论河南省城镇老年慢病患者居家用药还存在一些安全隐患,需加强对低收入和受教育程度较低群体的药品存储知识教育和用药指导,以提升居家用药安全。

Objective To evaluate the status of home medication safety among elderly patients with chronic diseases and analyze its influencing factors in urban and rural areas of Henan Province.Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted.Data was collected through a designed and optimized questionnaire.Pharmacists conducted in-home surveys.Excel and SPSS 26.0 software were used for data analysis.Results A total of 352 valid questionnaires were analyzed.Most respondents were aged 60~70 years,with a female proportion of 56.2%,and 52.0%of them had a junior high school education or lower.The top-ranked chronic diseases were hypertension(62.2%)and hyperlipidemia(33.2%),and 61.1%of patients suffered from multiple chronic diseases.Antipyretic and analgesic drugs were most common in home medicine cabinets(90.1%).The proportion of drugs being stored in accordance with the instructions(46.9%)was slightly low,and 93.8%of the elderly handled expired drugs improperly.Awareness of medication guidance services was low(34.9%).Logistic regression analysis showed that factors such as education level and monthly income had significant effects on the understanding of drug package insert,rational drug storage,proper disposal of expired drugs,and awareness of medication guidance services(P<0.05).Conclusion There are still some potential safety risks in the home medication use of elderly patients with chronic diseases in urban and rural areas of Henan Province.It is necessary to enhance education on drug storage and medication guidance,particularly for low-income and less-educated groups,to improve the safety of home medication use.