厦门典型“平改坡”农宅室内热环境实测对比与分析

Comparative Analysis of Experimental Measurement of Indoor Thermal Environment of“Flat-to-Sloping Roof Retrofit”of Rural Houses in Xiamen

为改善农村人居环境和住房条件,厦门近年来将“平改坡”技术广泛运用于既有农宅的屋面改造。为定量分析“平改坡”对农宅室内热环境的影响效果,采取热环境实测与问卷调查的方法,选取厦门典型“平改坡”农宅与平屋顶农宅为测试对象,对比两种农宅顶层房间与坡顶通风层的热环境效应与热舒适需求。实测结果表明:“平改坡”增强了农宅顶层房间的保温隔热性能,对室内热环境具有积极影响,在过渡季与夏季分别降低顶层房间空气温度0.5~2.0℃、0.8~2.8℃,对顶层房间围护结构表面温度的影响程度为“平屋顶上表面>平屋顶下表面>顶层房间室内地面”。农宅“平改坡”后缩小了顶层房间中PMV的波动区间,在过渡季PPD减少4.7%,在夏季日间PPD减少0.3%但夜间PPD增加8.2%。坡顶通风层的室内热环境较差,可以通过优化构造材料、空间高度与通风形式的设计来提高“平改坡”屋顶的隔热性能,进而为提升夏热冬暖地区农宅的室内热环境品质并降低能耗提供参考。

In order to improve the rural living environment and housing conditions,the technology of“flat-to-sloping roof retrofit”has been widely used for existing rural houses in Xiamen.In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of roof retrofit technology on the indoor thermal environment of rural houses,this paper adopts the method of thermal environment measurement and questionnaire survey,selects the typical rural houses with“flat-to-sloping roof retrofit”and rural houses with flat roof in Xiamen as the experimental objects,and compares the indoor thermal environment status and thermal comfort requirements of the top room and the ventilation layer of the slope roof of two kinds of rural houses.The measured results show that:The“flat-to-sloping roof retrofit”enhanced the thermal insulation performance of the top room of the rural house,and had a positive effect on the indoor thermal environment,and significantly affected the indoor air temperature and the surface temperature of the envelope structure.In the transition season and summer,the air temperature of the top room decreased by 0.5~2.0℃and 0.8~2.8℃respectively.The degree of influence on the surface temperature of the envelope structure of the top floor room is“above of flat roof surface>under of flat roof surface>indoor ground of the top floor room”.In the transition season and summer,the fluctuation range of PMV in the top floor room was narrowed after the roof retrofitted from the flat to the sloping,and PPD decreased by 4.7%during the transition season,daytime PPD decreased by 0.3%during the summer,but nighttime PPD increased by 8.2%.The indoor thermal environment of the ventilation layer at the top of the slope is poor,so the thermal insulation performance of the“flat-to-sloping roof retrofit”can be improved by optimizing the design of construction materials,space height and ventilation form,so as to provide references for improving the indoor thermal environment quality of rural houses in hot summer and warm winter areas and reducing energy consumption.