基于球形模糊和TOPSIS的鞋靴外观方案决策方法

A decision method of shoe appearance schemes based on spherical fuzzy and TOPSIS

针对鞋靴外观方案决策的模糊性和复杂性问题,为获得客观合理的权重分配,文章提出基于球形模糊和TOPSIS的方案多属性决策方法。从鞋靴的组成结构出发,确定用于决策鞋靴外观方案的评价指标。利用球形模糊集将决策专家的评价语言转换为定量信息,以描述决策情况并获得评价指标的权重。同时,为避免决策专家的差异性对评价结果的影响,引入决策专家评价犹豫度以确定决策专家权重。综合评价指标权重和决策专家权重,基于TOPSIS方法综合表征决策方案间的相对重要性,通过分析备选方案与正负理想解之间的贴近度,实现鞋靴外观方案的排序和择优。以男式跑鞋的实例分析与方法对比验证方法的合理性和可行性,研究结果表明,方法能够综合考虑决策专家的心理因素,评判不同鞋靴外观方案的差异并做出有效决策。

In the contemporary consumer market,shoes,as a functional and aesthetic value of goods,have transcended the simple category of necessities of life.They have become important vehicles for individuals to express their personal style and fashion attitudes.The consumer psychology of shoes has also changed from the basic needs to the pursuit of quality upgrade.Consumers pay increasing attention to the personalized design and cultural connotation of products,as well as their personal lifestyle fit.As a result,the creativity and differentiation of shoe design has become the core element of brand competition.Most of the existing research on shoe design innovation focuses on the appearance design and aesthetic analysis,while little attention is paid to the evaluation of shoe appearance schemes.But the appearance design of shoes is also of great significance,and it not only relates to the visual presentation of design aesthetics,but also directly affects the product’s market competitiveness and consumer acceptance.However,the evaluation of design schemes often faces the double challenges of fuzziness and subjectivity.The issue of how to select the optimal design solution remains a pressing practical problem.In order to realize the scientific decision and evaluation of shoe appearance schemes,fuzzy and complex problems,and obtain objective and reasonable weight distribution,a method of multi-attribute decision-making method based on spherical fuzzy TOPSIS is proposed.First of all,according to the structure of shoes,the evaluation indexes are determined,including laces,tongue,body,midsole and outsole.The evaluation index focuses on the appearance of running shoes,and the shoes are evaluated from the visual aesthetic point of view of design style,color collocation,decorative arts and material technology,excluding the influence of brand,price,and function,to ensure visual orientation.Secondly,the evaluation language of decision-making experts is transformed into quantitative information by reference to the linguistic scale of spherical fuzzy sets to describe the decision-making situation and obtain the weight of the evaluation index.At the same time,in order to avoid the influence of the difference of decision-making experts on the evaluation results,the evaluation hesitation degree of decision-making experts is introduced to determine the weight of decision-making experts.Finally,based on the TOPSIS method,the relative importance of the evaluation indexes is characterized,and the closeness between the alternatives and the positive and negative ideal solutions is analyzed,so as to achieve the optimal ranking of shoe appearance schemes.This study takes men’s running shoes as the decision object to verify the feasibility of the method.The evaluation results indicate that the body and midsole are relatively more important in the decision-making process for the appearance of running shoes.The outsole and tongue are less important,while the laces are considered the least important.The scheme method based on spherical fuzzy TOPSIS can comprehensively consider the psychological factors of decision-making experts,judge the appearance difference of different shoe-shoe appearance schemes and make effective decisions.In addition,compared with the other two methods,the spherical fuzzy set gives more information expression space to decision-makers,and further excavates the fuzziness of things themselves,which is helpful to analyze the differences of evaluation results among different options.TOPSIS can effectively avoid the subjectivity of data and make full use of the information of original data.The decision-making method based on spherical fuzzy TOPSIS is driven by the preference of decision-making experts.It scientifically quantifies the perceptual fuzzy decision-making mode in shoe design,effectively overcomes the subjective blindness in the decision-making process,and enhances the market competitiveness and consumer acceptance of footwear products,providing certain reference value for design decision-making.However,there are some limitations in the research by mainly focusing on the construction of the method and the theoretical discussion,and the application of the method in the actual design process and the effect verification are still insufficient.To this end,future research should focus on the deep integration of theory and practice,with a view to achieving practical utility maximization problem of decision-making methods.