体育锻炼与中学生社交焦虑的关系——心理资本与自我控制的链式中介作用

Effects of Physical Exercise on Social Anxiety of Middle School Students:The Chain Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital and Self-control

目的探究体育锻炼与中学生社交焦虑之间的关系,并考察心理资本和自我控制的链式中介机理。方法采用体育活动等级量表、积极心理资本问卷、自我控制量表、交往焦虑量表对843名中学生进行调查,应用链式中介效应检验与Bootstrap进行分析。结果体育锻炼与中学生心理资本(r=0.324,p<0.01)和自我控制(r=0.319,p<0.01)分别呈显著正相关,心理资本与自我控制为正相关(r=0.491,p<0.01),3个变量都与社交焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.276,-0.276,-0.440;p<0.01)。心理资本与自我控制在体育锻炼与社交焦虑间存在中介效应。表现为3条路径,分别为心理资本的单独中介作用,效应值为-0.041;自我控制的单独中介作用,效应值为-0.023;心理资本→自我控制的链式中介作用,效应值为-0.018。结论体育锻炼不仅是缓解和预防中学生社交焦虑的有效策略,还通过心理资本和自我控制间接干预。

Objective This paper aims to analyze the correlation between physical exercise and social anxiety of middle school students,and explore the mechanism of the chain mediation of psychological capital and self-control in this process.Methods Physical activity scale,positive psychological capital questionnaire,self-control scale and communication anxiety scale were used to investigate 843 middle school students,and chain mediation effect test and Bootstrap were used to conduct in-depth investigation.Results Physical Exercise and psychological capital of Middle School students(r=0.324,p<0.01)and self-control(r=0.319,p<0.01)were significantly positively correlated,psychological capital was strongly positively correlated with self-control(r=0.491,p<0.01),and all three variables were significantly negatively correlated with social anxiety(r=-0.276,-0.276,-0.440;p<0.01)。The mediating effect analysis confirmed that psychological capital and self-control played an important mediating effect between physical exercise and social anxiety.There are three paths,which are the single mediating effect of psychological capital,and the effect value is-0.041.The single mediating effect of self-control was-0.023.Chain mediation of psychological capital→self-control,effect size-0.018.Conclusion Physical exercise is not only an effective strategy to relieve and prevent middle school students'social anxiety,but also intervenes indirectly through psychological capital and self-control.