美国“印太”海域态势感知体系的构建路径分析

A Pathway Analysis of the U.S.Indo-PacificMaritime Domain Awareness System

“9·11”事件后,通过制定《国家海域态势感知计划》及其配套措施,美国采取国家统筹、自上而下和全政府的方式,构建了完整、全面的海域态势感知体系。美国“印太战略”提出后,拜登政府努力构建美国主导的、地区盟友和伙伴参与的“印太”海域态势感知网络体系。美国构建这一体系的路径主要包括开放式框架和小范围网络两种模式,并通过以下途径提升“印太”海域态势感知能力:增强自身能力,强化盟伴体系间合作,通过海上军演提升能力和互操作性,以及加强区域内外国家的协调与合作。中国应进一步提升自身海域态势感知能力建设,并加强国际合作,以应对新的安全挑战。

After the 9/11 attacks,through the formulation of the National Maritime Domain Awareness Plan and its supporting measures,the United States adopted a top-down,whole-of-government approach to build a comprehensive and complete maritime domain awareness(MDA)system.Following the introduction of the U.S.Indo-Pacific Strategy,the Biden government has sought to establish a U.S.-led Indo-Pacific MDA network system with the participation of regional allies and partners.The U.S.has pursued this system through two main paths:an open framework and small-scale networks.It has enhanced Indo-Pacific MDA capabilities through the following approaches:strengthening its own capabilities,reinforcing the allies and partners system,improving system interoperability,and increasing coordination and cooperation with regional and extraregional countries.China should further enhance its own MDA capabilities and deepen international cooperation to address emerging security challenge.