李渔的快乐哲学新探

Research on Li Yu’s Hedonism

李渔不是及时行乐的享乐主义者,而是一个理性、节制的行乐养生之人。人生享乐,大体上可以分为生理层面的满足和精神层面的愉悦,李渔具有明显的重精神轻生理的倾向。无论是居室、饮馔,还是器玩、花木,李渔“崇尚俭朴”,鄙弃奢靡。李渔倡导简单饮食,以素食为主,少吃肉,慎杀生,不要虐待动物。坚决反对食用牛肉和狗肉,耕田借助牛力,守夜有赖犬功,人类不应忘恩负义。李渔毫不掩饰自己喜好美色,但他主张节欲养生,反对恣情纵欲。男人好色,要守道德底线,可以纳妾买婢,不能淫人妻妾。认为狎妓嫖娼,好南风,玩娈童,有悖情理。李渔的快乐哲学是其人生经验的总结,是一位睿智老人对世人的关怀与忠告。

Li Yu(16111680)is a famous writer,playwright,drama theorists,and aesthetician in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.He did not indulge in sensual happiness,but specialized in regimen.Enjoyment in life can generally be divided into sensual satisfaction and spiritual pleasure,and Li Yu laid emphasis on the latter.Extravagance was despicable to Li,and frugality won his favor,whether it’s housing,diet,utensils,flowers or trees.He advocated vegetarianism and animal welfare,with a simple diet,less meat and butchering.The consumption of beef and dog meat was resolutely denounced by him,as we should be grateful to both the farm cattle and watch dog,which are indispensable in our farming and daily life.Beauty was his favorite,which must be harnessed by regimen.We should refrain from sensual indulgence and immorality,adultery,visiting prostitutes,gay,and catamite.Li’s hedonism is based on his life experience,as the proposition of a profound thinker.