共同富裕视角下农业受雇对农户相对贫困的影响研究——基于CFPS数据实证研究

Research on the Impact of Agricultural Employment on the Relative Poverty of Rural Households from the Perspective of Common Prosperity: An Empirical Study Based on CFPS Data

解决全面脱贫后的相对贫困问题是实现共同富裕的重要内容。在现代农业发展态势下,新型农业经营主体逐步成为影响农民收入的关键因素。为探究农业受雇状况对农户相对贫困的影响,依据2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,构建内生转换(ESP)模型展开实证分析,验证受雇样本中签订合同情况对相对贫困的影响,同时建立调节效应模型,从地区、户主特征和家庭特征三个方面进行异质性分析。研究表明:农业受雇对相对贫困发生有着显著负向影响,且在不同区域、户主特征和家庭特征方面呈现出异质性。对于中西部地区、户主受教育水平较低以及乡村家庭而言,农业受雇更利于其摆脱相对贫困。并且在受雇农户中,签订合同有助于强化农业受雇对相对贫困发生的缓解作用。基于此,提出加强农业受雇支持力度、规范农业经营组织人力管理制度、加大乡村基础教育投入、提供农业产业化发展金融支持等对策建议,以切实推进农民共同富裕。

Solving the problem of relative poverty after the comprehensive poverty alleviation is an important part of achieving common prosperity.Under the development situation of modern agriculture,new agricultural business entities have gradually become an important factor affecting farmers’income.To explore the impact of agricultural employment status on the relative poverty of rural households,based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2018,an endogenous switching(ESP)model was constructed for empirical analysis to verify the influence of contract signing in employment samples on relative poverty.At the same time,a moderation effect model was established to conduct heterogeneity analysis from three aspects:region,household head characteristics,and family characteristics.The study found that agricultural employment has a significant negative impact on the occurrence of relative poverty,and shows heterogeneity in different regions,characteristics of the household head,and family characteristics.For the central and western regions,rural households with a lower education level of the household head,agricultural employment is more helpful for them to get rid of relative poverty.And among the employed rural households,signing contracts will promote the mitigation effect of agricultural employment on the occurrence of relative poverty.Based on this,countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening the support for agricultural employment,standardizing the human resource management system of agricultural business organizations,increasing investment in rural basic education,and providing financial support for the industrialization of agriculture are proposed to solidly promote the common prosperity of farmers.