翻译文体的认知诠释——以杨宪益和霍克斯《红楼梦》译本为考查中心

A Cognitive Account of the Translation Style:Focusing on Yang Xianyi’s and Hawkes’Translations of Hongloumeng

结合《红楼梦》语料库,从类符形符比、词汇密度、词长分布等方面对比分析杨宪益和霍克斯两种《红楼梦》译本,结果显示二者的译文均呈现明显的显化特征。在此基础上,文章主要结合激活扩散理论和阐释学原理探讨翻译文体产生的认知原因,进而指出译者由于具有双重认知身份,在翻译过程中常常需要以文本方式补充原文隐含的逻辑关系以及缺失的文化因素,从而降低译文的阅读难度,并提升译文的阅读体验。然而,译者的这种处理方式颇为特殊,其宛如在原文和译文的夹缝中求生存。这就从根本上决定了译文和写作属于不同的认知过程:译文的创作必然会带有译语环境以及译者个人的鲜明特征,这就注定了翻译文体出现的必然性和独特性。

Based on the corpus of Hongloumeng,a comparative analysis of Yang Xianyi’s and Hawkes’two translations was conducted from the aspects of type-token ratio,lexical density,and word length distribution.It was found that both translations exhibited obvious explicit features.On this basis,the cognitive reasons for the emergence of translation genres were explored by combining the theory of semantic spreading-activation and hermeneutic principles.It points out that due to their dual cognitive identities,translators often have to supplement the implicit logical relationships and missing cultural factors in their translated texts explicitly during the translation process,thereby reducing the difficulty of reading the translated text and improving the reading experience of the target readers.But the translator’s approach is extremely unique,as he seeks survival between the original text and the translated text.This fundamentally determines that translation and writing are different cognitive processes:the creation of a translation inevitably carries the distinctive characteristics of the target language environment and the translator,which determines the inevitability and uniqueness of the emergence of translational stylistics.