科举与印刷视野下的南宋古文新变

The New Changes of Ancient Prose in the Southern Song Dynasty from the Perspective of the Civil Service Examination and Printing

科举在宋代成为新社会形态的重要推动力,南宋时期参加科举的人数大幅增加,庞大的人数基数催生出具有批点性质的古文用书,印刷的推广又进一步推动其市场的扩大。在科举和印刷的双重影响下,南宋文集的编订和出版呈现通俗化倾向。这种倾向一方面体现在所选篇目平易且篇幅短小,所选作者多是中下层文人,体现非士大夫阶层的审美趣味;另一方面体现在随着理学的世俗化,理学文章在古文选集中并未大幅增加阅读难度,反而因为理学的官方化而进入了更多底层文人的视野。而与通俗化相对应的,是科举与印刷共同造就的新读者——非士大夫群体,正是由于他们的加入,不但扩大了古文的读者群,而且为古文选集的编订和出版带来了新的审美风貌。

The civil service examination became an important driving force of the new social form in the Song Dynasty.The number of people who took part in the imperial examination increased greatly in the Southern Song Dynasty,and the huge base gave birth to the ancient prose books with the nature of batch printing,and the promotion of printing promoted the expansion of its market.Under the dual influence of imperial examination and printing,the compilation and publication of the anthology of the Southern Song Dynasty showed a tendency of popularization,which was reflected in the fact that the selected articles were simple and short,and the selected authors came from middle and lower literati,reflecting the aesthetics of the non-scholar-bureaucrat class;on the other hand,with the secularization of Lixue,the articles of Neo-Confucianism have not greatly increased the reading difficulty,but have been read by more low-level literati because of the official Lixue.Corresponding to the popularization,it is a new group created by imperial examination and printing non-scholar-bureaucrat group.It is precisely because of their participation that they have not only expanded the readers of ancient prose,but also brought new aesthetic features to the compilation and publication of ancient prose anthology.